HomeMindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies (MJSSDS)vol. 1 no. 1 (2024)

Personality traits, attitude, and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in a state-run college in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

Artemio M Gonzales Jr. | Arnold Jann L Cariaso | Nimfa B Pastrana | Cheryl B Asuncion

Discipline: Environmental and Public Health

 

Abstract:

The vaccine is now available among priority groups including people in the academe. Vaccine hesitancy is an important factor for herd immunity. This study aims to determine the willingness of the state college community to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available to them and other factors affecting it. This study conducted an online anonymous survey using a questionnaire set up using Google Forms and the generated link was shared on social media. The questionnaire consisted of questions that assessed demographic background, personality traits, self-perceived health status, COVID-19 experience; perception of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination; and intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 722 respondents participated, which are mostly students 573 (79.36%), young people 629 (87.12%), female 480 (66.48%), poor 459 (63.57%), and residing in urban areas 471 (65.24%). Results show that agreeableness and imagination have a positive correlation with perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action. Conscientiousness has a positive correlation with a perceived barrier, and cues to action. Emotional stability has a negative correlation with perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived barrier while extraversion has a negative correlation with a perceived barrier.



References:

  1. Abdalla, S. M., Mohamed, E. Y., Elsabagh, H. M., Ahmad, M. S., Shaik, R. A., Mehta, V., Mathur, A., & Ghatge, S. B. (2023). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/VACCINES11061125
  2. Ajzen, I. (1985). From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior. Action Control, 11–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
  3. Amin, A. B., Bednarczyk, R. A., Ray, C. E., Melchiori, K. J., Graham, J., Huntsinger, J. R., & Omer, S. B. (2017). Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 873–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41562-017-0256-5
  4. Asselmann, E., Borghans, L., Montizaan, R., & Seegers, P. (2020). The role of personality in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of students in Germany during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0242904. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0242904
  5. Baack, B. N., Abad, N., Yankey, D., Kahn, K. E., Razzaghi, H., Brookmeyer, K., Kolis, J., Wilhelm, E., Nguyen, K. H., & Singleton, J. A. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent Among Adults Aged 18–39 Years — United States, March–May 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 70(25), 928–933. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7025e2
  6. Bednarczyk, R. A., Chu, S. L., Sickler, H., Shaw, J., Nadeau, J. A., & McNutt, L. A. (2015). Low uptake of influenza vaccine among university students: Evaluating predictors beyond cost and safety concerns. Vaccine, 33(14), 1659–1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2015.02.033
  7. Bernhardt, J. M., Alber, J., & Gold, R. S. (2014). A social media primer for professionals: digital dos and don’ts. Health Promotion Practice, 15(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839913517235
  8. Buchanan, T. (2021). Trust, personality, and belief as determinants of the organic reach of political disinformation on social media. Social Science Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1975085
  9. Cahapay, M. B. (2021). To get or not to get: Examining the intentions of Philippine teachers to vaccinate against COVID-19. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.1896409
  10. Carvalho, L. de F., Pianowski, G., & Gonçalves, A. P. (2020). Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures? Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0029
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/protecting-children.html
  12. Cordina, M., Lauri, M. A., Lauri., J., Cordina, M., Lauri, M. A., & Lauri., J. (2021). Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy and intention to take the vaccine. Pharmacy Practice (Granada), 19(1). https://doi.org/10.18549/PHARMPRACT.2021.1.2317
  13. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). In SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (pp. 179–198). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200479.n9
  14. Deliso M. (2021, July 16). What’s fueling COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in young adults? - ABC News. Abc NEWS. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/young-adults-remain-hesitant-covid-19-vaccine/story?id=78828317
  15. Department of Health. (2021, March 30). Can pregnant women get the COVID-19 vaccine? | Department of Health website. Department of Health. https://doh.gov.ph/node/28465
  16. Dubé, E., Gagnon, D., Nickels, E., Jeram, S., & Schuster, M. (2014). Mapping vaccine hesitancy—country-specific characteristics of a global phenomenon. Vaccine, 32(49), 6649–6654. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2014.09.039
  17. Fiddick, L., Brase, G. L., Ho, A. T., Hiraishi, K., Honma, A., & Smith, A. (2016). Major personality traits and regulations of social behavior: Cheaters are not the same as the reckless, and you need to know who you’re dealing with. Journal of Research in Personality, 62, 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2016.02.007
  18. Hill, R. J., Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and research. Contemporary Sociology, 6(2), 244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2065853
  19. Fisher, K. A., Bloomstone, S. J., Walder, J., Crawford, S., Fouayzi, H., & Mazor, K. M. (2020). Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine : A Survey of U.S. Adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(12), 964–973. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3569
  20. George, D. R., Rovniak, L. S., & Kraschnewski, J. L. (2013). Dangers and opportunities for social media in medicine. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56(3), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0B013E318297DC38
  21. Ghorbani-Dehbalaei, M., Loripoor, M., & Nasirzadeh, M. (2021). The role of health beliefs and health literacy in women’s health promoting behaviours based on the health belief model: a descriptive study. BMC Women’s Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12905-021-01564-2
  22. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. “V.” (Eds.). (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass/Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-sg/Health+Behavior:+Theory,+Research,+and+Practice,+5th+Edition-p-9781118628980
  23. Green, M. S., Abdullah, R., Vered, S., & Nitzan, D. (2021). A study of ethnic, gender and educational differences in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Israel – implications for vaccination implementation policies. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13584-021-00458-W/TABLES/4
  24. Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., & Fielding, K. S. (2018). The psychological roots of anti-vaccination attitudes: A 24-nation investigation. Health Psychology, 37(4), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000586
  25. Ishimaru, T., Okawara, M., Ando, H., Hino, A., Nagata, T., Tateishi, S., Tsuji, M., Matsuda, S., Fujino, Y., & Project,  for the Cor. (2021). Gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan. MedRxiv, 2021.04.13.21255442. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.13.21255442
  26. John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (2021, July 21). I’m a Healthy Young Person. Why Should I Get a COVID Vaccine? Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2021/im-a-healthy-young-person-why-should-i-get-a-covid-vaccine#:~:text=Every%20person%20that%20gets%20vaccinated,you're%20young%20and%20healthy.
  27. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2021, March). COVID-19 Map - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
  28. Lang, R., Benham, J. L., Atabati, O., Hollis, A., Tombe, T., Shaffer, B., Burns, K. K., MacKean, G., Léveillé, T., McCormack, B., Sheikh, H., Fullerton, M. M., Tang, T., Boucher, J. C., Constantinescu, C., Mourali, M., Manns, B. J., Marshall, D. A., Hu, J., & Oxoby, R. J. (2021). Attitudes, behaviours and barriers to public health measures for COVID-19: a survey to inform public health messaging. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-021-10790-0/TABLES/3
  29. Lee, C. H. J., Duck, I. M., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). Personality and demographic correlates of New Zealanders’ confidence in the safety of childhood vaccinations. Vaccine, 35(45), 6089–6095. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2017.09.061
  30. Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30109-7
  31. Li, X., & Liu, Q. (2020). Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.2196/19684
  32. Lu, P. J., O’Halloran, A., & Williams, W. W. (2015). Impact of health insurance status on vaccination coverage among adult populations. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(6), 647–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2014.12.008
  33. Manning, M. Lou, Gerolamo, A. M., Marino, M. A., Hanson-Zalot, M. E., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccination readiness among nurse faculty and student nurses. Nursing Outlook, 69(4), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OUTLOOK.2021.01.019
  34. McKee, C., & Bohannon, K. (2016). Exploring the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.2.104
  35. Murphy, J., Vallières, F., Bentall, R. P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Hartman, T. K., McKay, R., Bennett, K., Mason, L., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Stocks, T. V. A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20226-9
  36. Naseer, K., Qazi, J., Qazi, A., Avuglah, B. K., Tahir, R., Rasheed, R. A., Khan, S. K., Khan, B. A., Zeeshan, M., Humayun, M. A., & Naseem, U. (2021). Travel behaviour prediction amid covid-19 underlaying situational awareness theory and health belief model. Behaviour and Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1984579
  37. Neely, S., Eldredge, C., & Sanders, R. (2021). Health Information Seeking Behaviors on Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among American Social Networking Site Users: Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021;23(6):E29802 Https://Www.Jmir.Org/2021/6/E29802, 23(6), e29802. https://doi.org/10.2196/29802
  38. Nofal, A. M., Cacciotti, G., & Lee, N. (2020). Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0240396. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0240396
  39. Noronha, V., Abraham, G., Bondili, S., Rajpurohit, A., Menon, R., Gattani, S., Trikha, M., Tudu, R., Kota, K., Singh, A., Elamarthi, P., Panda, G., Rai, R., Krishna, M., Chinthala, S., Shah, M., Shah, D., Tiwari, A., Vora, D., … Prabhash, K. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccine hesitancy in Indian patients with cancer: A questionnaire-based survey. Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment, 4(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.4103/CRST.CRST_138_21
  40. Paterson, P., Meurice, F., Stanberry, L. R., Glismann, S., Rosenthal, S. L., & Larson, H. J. (2016). Vaccine hesitancy and healthcare providers. Vaccine, 34(52), 6700–6706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2016.10.042
  41. Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., & Knafo, A. (2002). The big five personality factors and personal values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289008
  42. Sandler, K., Srivastava, T., Fawole, O. A., Fasano, C., & Feemster, K. A. (2020). Understanding vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and decision-making through college student interviews. Journal of American College Health : J of ACH, 68(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2019.1583660
  43. Skafle, I., Nordahl-Hansen, A., Quintana, D. S., Wynn, R., & Gabarron, E. (2022). Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/37367
  44. Stjernswärd, S., Ivert, A.-K., & Glasdam, S. (2021). Perceptions and effects of COVID-19 related information in Denmark and Sweden – a web-based survey about COVID-19 and social media. Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01539-5
  45. Superio, D. L., Anderson, K. L., Oducado, R. M. F., Luceño, M. T., Palcullo, V. E. V., & Bendalian, M. V. T. (2021). The information-seeking behavior and levels of knowledge, precaution, and fear of college students in Iloilo, Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2021.102414
  46. Syed, M. H., Meraya, A. M., Yasmeen, A., Albarraq, A. A., Alqahtani, S. S., Kashan A. Syed, N., Algarni, M. A., & Alam, N. (2021). Application of the health Belief Model to assess community preventive practices against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 29(11), 1329–1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSPS.2021.09.010
  47. World Health Organization. (2019a). Ten threats to global health in 2019. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019
  48. World Health Organization. (2019b, December 5). Immunization. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/immunization.
  49. Zintel, S., Flock, C., Arbogast, A. L., Forster, A., von Wagner, C., & Sieverding, M. (2022). Gender differences in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitswissenschaften, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10389-021-01677-W