Philippine E-Journals

Landsat-Based Monitoring of Mangrove Blue Carbon Supporting Industry 5.0 in Gresik Coastal Area

Achmad Dadang Burhanuddin | Nur Islakhun Nisa | M Masruhin | Riyan Riyadlun Najih

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role as blue carbon reservoirs while providing ecological services that support the sustainability of coastal envi- ronments. However, rapid industrial development in coastal areas has in- creased pressure on mangrove ecosystems, highlighting the need for efficient and data-driven environmental monitoring. This study aimed to estimate mangrove blue carbon potential using Landsat 8/9 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the implementa- tion of Industry 5.0 in coastal industrial areas of Gresik Regency, Indonesia. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS through NDVI calculation, land cover classification, and above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation based on an NDVI-derived allometric equation. Three industrial zones (Industry A, Indus- try B, and Industry C) were analyzed as representative study areas. The results showed that Industry C had the largest mangrove cover (26.30%), followed by Industry B (14.10%) and Industry A (8.77%). Nevertheless, Industry A exhib- ited the highest NDVI value (0.41) and the greatest estimated blue carbon stock (60.31 tC), followed by Industry C (54.21 tC) and Industry B (33.08 tC). These findings indicate that blue carbon storage is influenced not only by man- grove extent but also by vegetation quality, including canopy density, stand structure, and habitat fragmentation. The integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides an effective, low-cost, and re- peatable approach for periodic mangrove monitoring. Furthermore, the re- sulting spatial information has significant potential to support environmental management, mangrove rehabilitation, Environmental, Social, and Govern- ance (ESG) reporting, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evaluation, and digital environmental monitoring systems aligned with the principles of In- dustry 5.0. This study provides an important baseline for sustainable man- grove management in industrial coastal landscapes while demonstrating the potential of satellite-based monitoring for data-driven decision-making.