Adapting Flexible Learning in Health Education: Practical Skills Development, Engagement Strategies, and Mental Health Challenges
Marilou M. Saong | Rhey Gregory Z. Aquino
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study explores the perspectives of Allied Health students and faculty at the University of Baguio on adopting flexible learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent shift to limited face-to-face classes. With the increasing role of flexible educational models, this study aims to assess the challenges faced by stakeholders, including technology, student engagement, and the acquisition of practical skills. With a qualitative descriptive research design, the study utilized purposive sampling to choose 10 teachers and 10 students who experienced flexible learning during SY 2021-2022 and transitioned to limited face-to- face classes during SY 2022-2023. Thematic analysis revealed the following key themes: technological adaptation, engagement strategies, instructional approaches, and mental health concerns. Teachers employed hands-on supervision, iterative teaching, and additional exercises as strategies to address gaps in practical skill acquisition. Students utilized time management and goal-setting skills to adapt to the blended learning environment. This research highlights the need for an Article history: Received: 23 Mar 2025 Revised: 10 Sept 2025 Accepted: 22 Sept 2025 Published: 30 Oct 2025
References:
- Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students' perspectives. Online Submission, 2(1), 45-51.
- Amin, A. J. A. (2023). Profiling Teachers' Readiness and Competence for Flexible Learning. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi. org/10.36948/ijfmr, v05i06. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i06.8773.
- Ardito, C. G. (2024). Zero waste: leveraging blended learning materials in traditional teaching. MSOR Connections, 22(3).
- Atwa, H., Shehata, M. H., Al-Ansari, A., Kumar, A., Jaradat, A., Ahmed, J., & Deifalla, A. (2022). Online, face-to-face, or blended learning? Faculty and medical students' perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study. Frontiers in medicine, 9, 791352.
- Bâcă, E. (2022). Adjusting and (Re) Adapting from Online to Face-To-Face Systems-A Case Study. Ovidius University Annals, Series Economic Sciences, 22(1).
- Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Alberto, N. R. I., Baron, M. B. C., Mabulay, R. E. C., Rizada, L. G. T., ... & Reyes, J. C. B. (2021). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical students in the Philippines. Medical science educator, 31(2), 615-626.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
- Camara, D. J. S., Cuison, A. T., C Dalisay, C. M., Salazar, J. M., & Valdez, M. (2021). Implementation of Flexible Learning in PSU Lingayen, Philippines-Initial Assessment for Sustainability Measures.
- Cardona, M. C., Buan , A. T. ., & Inutan, E. D. . (2022). Teachers' Perspective of Science Flexible Learning. Asia Research Network Journal of Education, 2(1), 1-16. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/arnje/article/view/257219
- Chang, T., Hsu, M., Kwon, J., Kusdhany, M. S., & Hong, G. (2021). Effect of online learning for dental education in asia during the pandemic of COVID-19. Journal of Dental Sciences, 16(4), 1095-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.06.006
- CHED-DOH Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2021-001. Guidelines on the Gradual Reopening of Campuses of Higher Education Institutions for Limited Face-to-Face Classes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://tinyurl.com/895xezbn
- Chen, Y. S., Kao, T. C., & Sheu, J. P. (2003). A mobile learning system for scaffolding bird watching learning. Journal of computer assisted learning, 19(3), 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2003.00036.x
- Chiner, E., Gómez-Puerta, M., García-Vera, V. E., & Cardona-Moltó, M. C. (2021). University students' struggles with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Education and New Developments, 12(2), 265-269.
- Clarke V, Braun V. (2017). Thematic analysis. J Posit Psychol. 12(3): 297-298
- Dangle, Y. R. P., & Sumaoang, J. D. (2020, November). The implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippine secondary public schools. In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education (Vol. 100, No. 1, p. 108). https://www.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.icate.2020.11.132
- Dayagbil, F. T., Palompon, D. R., Garcia, L. L., & Olvido, M. M. J. (2021, July). Teaching and learning continuity amid and beyond the pandemic. In Frontiers in education (Vol. 6, p. 678692). Frontiers Media SA.
- Deed, C., Blake, D., Henriksen, J., Mooney, A., Prain, V., Tytler, R., ... & Fingland, D. (2020). Teacher adaptation to flexible learning environments. Learning Environments Research, 23(2), 153-165.
- Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of educational technology systems, 49(1), 5-22.
- Diate, K., & Mordeno, I. C. (2021). Filipino Physics Teachers' Teaching Challenges and Perception of Essential Skills for a Supportive Learning Environment. Asia Research Network Journal of Education, 1(2), 61-76.https://so05.tcithaijo.org/index.php/arnje/article/view/251765
- Forbes, D., Gedera, D., Brown, C., Hartnett, M., & Datt, A. (2023). Practical learning in hybrid environments: Can remote learning be active, authentic, and real? Distance Education, 44(2), 362-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2023.2198487
- Forde, C., & OBrien, A. (2022). A literature review of barriers and opportunities presented by digitally enhanced practical skill teaching and learning in health science education. Medical education online, 27(1), 2068210. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2068210.
- Franco, Z. I., Go, J. A., & Iniego, J. (2023). Stress experiences and coping mechanisms of science and mathematics students on online learning amidst COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2023.1004
- Garrison, D., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1096-7516(00)00016-6
- Gupta, M. M., Jankie, S., Pancholi, S. S., Talukdar, D., Sahu, P. K., & Sa, B. (2020). Asynchronous environment assessment: A pertinent option for medical and allied health profession education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 10(12), 352.
- Handoko, H., & Ayumi, A. (2022). Designing synchronous and asynchronous activities for interactive learning. JURNAL ARBITRER, 9(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.9.2.164-177.2022
- Heng, Z. S., Koh, D. W., Yeo, J. Y., Ooi, C., & Gan, S. K. (2022). Effects of different delivery modes on teaching biomedical science practical skills in higher education during the 2021 pandemic measures. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 50(4), 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21637
- Illanes, P., Law, J., Sarakatsannis, J., Sanghvi, S., and Mendy, A. (2020). Coronavirus and the Campus: How Can US Higher Education Organize to Respond?. Chicago, Illinois: McKinsey and Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/coronavirus-and-the-campus-how-can-us-higher-education-organize-to-respond
- Imran, R., Fatima, A., Salem, I. E., & Allil, K. (2023). Teaching and learning delivery modes in higher education: Looking back to move forward post-COVID-19 era. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100805
- Jamilah, J., & Fahyuni, E. F. (2022). The future of online learning in the Post-COVID-19 era. KnE Social Sciences, 497-505. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i10.11251
- Jayawardena, A., Kahandawa, G., Hewawasam, H.S., Piyathilaka, L., & Sul, J. (2024). Navigating the New Normal: Student Perspectives on Transitioning from Online to Face-to-Face Learning After COVID-19 Lockdowns. 2024 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), 1-6.
- Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall.
- Lee, J. W. Y., & Bello, F. (2023). Readiness of health care professionals in Singapore to teach online and their Technology-Related Teaching needs: quantitative cross-sectional pilot study. JMIR Medical Education, 9, e42281. https://doi.org/10.2196/42281
- Lee, J., & Bello, F. (2022). Readiness to teach online and software needs of Singapore healthcare professionals: A pilot study (Preprint). JMIR Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.2196/42281
- Leo, A., Holdsworth, E.A., Wilcox, K.C., Khan, M.I., Ávila, J.A., & Tobin, J. (2022). Gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study of teacher stress and work-life balance. Community, Work & Family, 25, 682 - 703.
- Li, K. C., & Wong, B. Y. Y. (2018). Revisiting the definitions and implementation of flexible learning. Innovations in open and flexible education, 3-13.
- Masten, A. S. (2014). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Press.
- Naidu, S. (2017). How flexible is flexible learning, who is to decide and what are its implications? Distance Education, 38, 269- 272. https://doi:10.1080/01587919.2017.1371831
- Neacsu, M.G., Bucuroiu, F., Țibrian, M., & Samarescu, N. (2023). OPTIMIZING EVALUATION PRACTICES THROUGH RECONSIDERATION OF STUDENT ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES IN THE HYBRID UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT. Journal Plus Education.
- Nikolov, R., Lai, K. W., Sendova, E., & Jonker, H. (2018). Distance and flexible learning in the twenty-first century. In Second handbook of information technology in primary and secondary education (pp. 1-16). Springer, Cham.
- Oktawirawan, D. H. (2020). Faktor Pemicu Kecemasan Siswa dalam Melakukan Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 20(2), 541. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i2.932
- Pambuena, E., & Yango, A. (2023). The Lived Experience of the Faculty of Polytechnic University of the Philippines in the Implementation of Flexible Technology- Enhanced Learning (Flextel). Technium Social Sciences Journal. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v44i1.8960.
- Piaget, J. (1970). Science of education and the psychology of the child. Orion Press.
- Rahman, M.M., Watanobe, Y., Kiran, R.U., Thang, T.C., & Paik, I. (2021). Challenges and Exit Strategies for Adapting Interactive Online Education Amid the Pandemic and its Aftermath. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology & Education (TALE), 595-602.
- Rofi'i, N. A., & Herdiawan, R. D. (2024). The optimization of hybrid technology in synchronous and asynchronous speaking class. Journal of Information System Technology and Engineering, 2(1), 142-152. https://doi.org/10.61487/jiste.v2i1.59
- Rohwer, A., Motaze, N. V., Rehfuess, E., & Young, T. (2017). E‐learning of evidence‐based health care (EBHC) to increase EBHC competencies in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 13(1), 1-147. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2017.4
- Romli, M. H., Foong, C. C., Hong, W., Subramaniam, P., & Yunus, F. W. (2022). Restructuring education activities for full online learning: findings from a qualitative study with Malaysian nursing students during Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Medical Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03587-1
- Rotas, E. E., & Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Difficulties in remote learning: voices of Philippine university students in the wake of COVID-19 crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 147-158. https://tinyurl.com/668chf
- Saxena, R., & Carnewale, K. (2023). Exploring the synergy of synchronous and asynchronous learning approaches in medical education. Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.53555/er.v9i8.5869
- Smalley, A. (2020, July). Higher education responses to coronavirus (COVID-19). In National conference of state legislatures (Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 15-27).
- Tobar, C., Garcés, M. S., Crespo-Andrade, M. C., & Sisa, I. (2021). The Impact of Strengthening Study Habits for Medical Students During COVID-19 Academic Transition: a Mixed-Methods Study. Medical Science Educator, 31(3), 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01277-z
- Tsai, C., Ku, H., & Campbell, A. (2021). Impacts of course activities on student perceptions of engagement and learning online. Distance Education, 42(1), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1869525
- Turnbull, D., Chugh, R., & Luck, J. (2021). Transitioning to E-Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: How have Higher Education Institutions responded to the challenge? Education and Information Technologies, 26(5), 6401-6419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10633-w
- UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response Beirut, Lebanon.
- Vargas Rubilar, N., & Oros, L. B. (2021). Stress and burnout in teachers during times of pandemic. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 756007.
- Villanueva, J. (2024). Exploring flexible learning experiences. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4701136
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
- Westerlaken, M., Christiaans-Dingelhoff, I., Filius, R. M., De Vries, B., De Bruijne, M., & Van Dam, M. (2019). Blended learning for postgraduates; an interactive experience. BMC medical education, 19(1), 289.
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2244-1816 (Online)
ISSN 2244-1824 (Print)