Home⇛ADMINISTRA Official Research Journal of the BSOA Program⇛vol. 1 no. 1 (2025)

Enhancing Micro Cooperative Efficiency Through Effective Office Management

Emmanuel A. Semudio | Jasmin D. Liglig | Jenelyn N. Dacquel | Richard E. Bibat | Hazel Mae Manuel | Mariel May Kidkid

Discipline: management studies

 

Abstract:

This study examined the office management practices of micro cooperatives in Quirino Province, focusing on key areas such as record-keeping, workflow and task management, communication and decision-making, technology use, and human resource management. It also explored how demographic factors, including age, gender, and educational attainment, affect members’ perceptions of these practices. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, collecting data through surveys and interviews from 138 cooperative staff members representing three municipalities in the province. Results revealed significant differences in all assessed management areas. Record-keeping was often disorganized, lacking adequate security and privacy protocols. Workflow management exhibited unclear task assignments, weak deadline monitoring, and inconsistent evaluation of performance. Communication and decision-making processes were found to be non-transparent and lacked inclusiveness, with insufficient documentation and feedback mechanisms. Technology adoption remained low due to poor digital infrastructure, limited training opportunities, and differences in technology acceptance linked to age and gender. Human resource management practices, including recruitment, training, morale assessments, and employee recognition, were generally rated as inadequate; however, female respondents viewed recognition efforts more positively than males. These findings highlight the critical need for micro cooperatives to modernize office management systems, enhance digital competence, and adopt gender-sensitive human resource policies. Practical recommendations emphasize investing in upgrading technology and providing staff training, clarifying workflow accountability, improving communication strategies, and fostering a more inclusive and motivating workplace atmosphere.



References:

  1. Abugu, H., Okorie, U., & Abu, G. (2020). Gender and the dynamics of technology adoption: Empirical evidence from smallholder farmers. Agricultural Economics, 51(6), 857–870. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/agecon/v51y2020i6p857-870.html
  2. Agriculture Institute. (2024). Management practices for cooperatives. https://agriculture.institute/cooperative-and-farmers-organizations/management-practices-cooperatives/
  3. Balungao, J. B., et al. (2025). The case of a multipurpose cooperative in Nueva Vizcaya. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 8(5). https://ijmra.in/v8i5/Doc/24.pdf
  4. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  5. Chungyas, J. I., & Trinidad, F. L. (2022). Strategic management practices and business performance of cooperatives in Ifugao, Philippines: Basis for strategic planning model. Sustainability, 13(10), 5543. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5543
  6. Cooperative Development Authority. (2015–2023). Memorandum circulars and guidelines. https://cda.gov.ph/memorandum-circulars/
  7. Datta, K., & Gailey, R. (2019). The role of women’s cooperatives in empowering women: Evidence from micro and cooperative enterprises. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 7(1), 418–429. https://journal.rescollacomm.com/index.php/ijeer/article/download/418/345
  8. Doss, C. (2019). Women and agricultural technology: How to increase adoption? Agricultural Economics, 50(S1), 53–67. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/agec.12596
  9. Gandrita, D. M. (2023). Improving strategic planning: The crucial role of enhancing relationships between management levels. Administrative Sciences, 13(10), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13100211
  10. Gatan, J. C., Magano, H. A., & Balolong, Y. T. (2024). Organizational structure and employees’ performance: The case of a multipurpose cooperative in Nueva Vizcaya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(5). https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/organizational-structure-and-employees-performance-the-case-of-a-multipurpose-cooperative-in-nueva-vizcaya/
  11. Gilman, M., & Edwards, D. (2019). Education and its impact on HR management practices in micro and small enterprises. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3598113
  12. Grimaldo, F., Werder, A., & Dossi, M. (2024). Factors affecting online technology adoption of small businesses. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,14(1),157–173. http://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/34980536/riber_14-1_10_b24-039_157-173.pdf
  13. International Cooperative Alliance. (2019). Gender-sensitive cooperative governance. https://genderequality.coop/sites/default/files/2021-11/Women&Coops%20Literature%20Review.pdf
  14. International Labour Organization. (2021). Gender equality and women’s empowerment in cooperatives. https://genderequality.coop/sites/default/files/2021-11/Women&Coops%20Literature%20Review.pdf
  15. Jumawan, A. R. (2022). Management practices of cooperatives: Roadmap towards improved performance and sustainability. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(7), 1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.07.05
  16. Kameli, S., Mirzaei Daryani, S., Kheirandish, M., & Ahmadlou, M. (2020). Transparency of the concepts of directing and leadership in organizational leadership theory based on critical hermeneutics theory. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 9(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2020.60499
  17. Maderazo, M. A. (n.d.). An overview of management practices in the cooperative sector: Basis for a business model. Southeastern Europe Business Review. http://sumc.lt/index.php/se/article/view/1135/883
  18. Manlagñit, M. J., & Lamberte, M. (2019). Women’s participation and cooperative governance. Microfinance Lessons. https://www.microfinancelessons.com/files/media_subdomain/resources/gender_issues_coops.pdf
  19. Meinzen-Dick, R., et al. (2021). Gender equality and women’s empowerment in agricultural and rural development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/57aefc40-1da4-46ac-bd8c-3c14f74f9888/content
  20. Microfinance Lessons. (2019). Gender and cooperative participation. https://www.microfinancelessons.com/files/media_subdomain/resources/gender_issues_coops.pdf
  21. Mina, J. C., Domingo, A. V., & Quijano, M. F. T. (2022). Management practices of cooperatives in Nueva Ecija: A basis for a sustainable development program. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e8515. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108515
  22. Mukumbang, F. C., Ambe, R. I., & Van Wyk, B. (2020). The impact of HRM practices on employee performance in microfinance institutions in Cameroon. Open Journal of Business and Management, 8(3), 1196–1215. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=102882
  23. Philippine Cooperative Development Authority. (2021). Performance report standards for cooperatives. https://cda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/MC2013-15-performance-report-standards-for-cooperatives.pdf
  24. Reyes, T., & Dela Cruz, A. (2021). Workforce training and workflow adherence in cooperatives. Journal of Cooperative Studies, 54(1), 33–45.
  25. Rosales, M. (2024). Issues and challenges among cooperatives in Zamboanga del Sur. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(3), 2936–2964. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-8-issue-3/2936-2964.pdf
  26. Sasale, M. S., & Kilongkilong, D. A. A. (2020). Management practices of multipurpose cooperatives operating in a Philippine province. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(1). http://www.apjmr.com
  27. Singh, G. S. V., Senik, Z. C., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2002). The relationship between management functions and the success of school cooperatives. Core. https://core.ac.uk/download/553313342.pdf
  28. St. James the Apostle Multi-Purpose Cooperative. (2025). Cooperative human resources management policy manual. https://www.scribd.com/document/637442939/Cooperative-Human-Resources-Management-Policy-Manua1
  29. Strough, J., et al. (2023). Age differences in decision-making and communication preferences. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 78(4), 623–635. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39351812/
  30. Sunga, M. A., & Decena, A. G. (2024). Multi-purpose cooperatives’ business practices and performance in Samarica, Occidental Mindoro. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(6), 2025–2036. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v3i6.7769
  31. Suwarno, A., et al. (2022). The role of knowledge management and sharing in cooperatives: Qualitative limitations at the knowledge process level and knowledge design. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 963755. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.963755/full
  32. Tomaquin, R. (2024). Communication frameworks and member engagement in cooperatives. Philippine Journal of Cooperative Studies, 12(2), 77–88.
  33. Tremblay, C., Hupper, A., & Waring, M. (2019). Constructive feedback and cooperative culture. Cooperative Management Review, 45(2), 115–129.
  34. Yusuf, O., Chan, D. C. K., & Haque, A. (2018). The impact of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions on the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): A conceptual framework. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(10), 53–63.
  35. Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Wang, J. (2025). Understanding farmer cooperatives’ intention to adopt digital technology. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14735903.2025.2464523