Discipline: History
Since the day when Dr. Jose Rizal published his Annotations to Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas", our historians, both native and alien, save some worthy exceptions, have endeavoured to show that, at the· time· of the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos possessed an enviable degree of culture and civilization that could more than favorably compare with the best obtaining anywhere else in the world. The rice-terraces in Ifugao and the Codes of Maragtas and Kalantiao are the salient proofs advanced in support of the thesis.