Philippine E-Journals

Our historians of the Philippine Revolution mention only eight Filipino military heroes as having lost their lives in the defense of our first independence. Teodoro M. Kalaw, in his La Revolucion Filipina, published in 1925, cites only three such heroes, namely: Lieutenant-Colonel Jose Torres Bugallon of Pangasinan, Brigadier-General Gregorio H. del Pilar of Bulacan, and Francisco Flor de Lis, rank not given, of Leyte Dr. Gregorio F. Zaide, in his book The Philippine Revolution, published in 1954, refers to the same three heroes.