Discipline: Economics, Business
In both the physical and social sciences, productivity is measured as a relationship between output and input. Although in a machine or motor, the term used is not productivity but efficiency,1 the idea is nonetheless similar. The efficiency of a machine is a fraction expressing the ratio of the useful work to the whole work performed. A perfect machine is one in which no work is lost. Indeed, the International Labor Office (IW) defines productivity as the ratio between output and input, and states that this definition may be applied in an enterprise, and industry, or an economy as a whole.
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