HomeHealth Sciences Journalvol. 11 no. 1 (2022)

The correlation between the professional quality of life and job satisfaction of physicians and nurses currently working in COVID-19 areas of tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila and CALABARZON (Region IV-A)

Alessi Chloie T. Alvarez | Angelika Loren Y. Aleta | Lawrence Vincent Y. Aleta | Karina Nicole A. Almase | Mark Joel L. Aguit | Sarah Fayesi R. Al-Balawi | Alana Rae R. Alarcon | Alliah Shantal M. Alcantara | Janelle S. Alejandro | John Robert R. Almadin | Leopoldo P. Sison Jr. | Maribel Emma Co-Hidalgo

 

Abstract:

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic put the healthcare worker’s professional quality of life (ProQoL) and job satisfaction (JS) at risk. This study determined the correlation between ProQoL, and the nine facets of and overall JS of physicians and nurses working in COVID-19 areas in Metro Manila and CALABARZON tertiary hospitals. It also determined their demographics, and measured the ProQoL, and overall JS and its nine facets. Methods Physicians and nurses working in COVID-19 areas of tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila and CALABARZON were recruited and asked to answer the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 and Job Satisfaction Survey. Correlation between ProQoL and JS was determined through Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results High overall JS among 90 physician and nurse respondents correlated with high compassion satisfaction (? = 0.310), low burnout (? = -0.480) and secondary traumatic stress (? = -0.240). Correlations were found between ProQoL, and overall JS and pay, supervision, contingent rewards, coworkers, nature of work, and communication. A strong negative correlation between pay and burnout was observed (? = -0.500). Conclusion The overall JS of physicians and nurses has a moderate positive correlation with compassion satisfaction, moderate negative correlation with burnout, and low negative correlation with secondary traumatic stress. Pay and burnout have a strong negative relationship.



References:

  1. Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R. COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res [internet]. 2020 Mar 16; 24: 91-8. doi: 10.1016/j. jare.2020.03.005
  2. COVID-19 Tracker: Department of Health website [Internet]. COVID-19 Tracker Department of Health website [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 20]. Available from: https://doh.gov.ph/covid19tracker
  3. Philippine College of Physicians. Medical Community appeals for return to enhanced community quarantine ( E C Q ) i n M e g a M a n i l a f r o m Au g. 1 t o 1 5 t o recalibrate strategies against COVID-19 [Internet]. Fa c e b o o k . 2 0 2 1 [ c i t e d 2 0 2 1 S e p 2 6 ] . Ava i l a b l e from: https://www.facebook.com/pcpofficialpage/photos/a.100971161548372/170945467884274
  4. Morales NJ, Lema KL. Philippine medical workers under strain as COVID-19 cases jump [Internet]. Reuters. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 26]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-extends-travel-ban-10-countries-over-delta-concerns-2021-08-13/
  5. Portugal A. Philippines health workers protest neglect as COVID-19 strains hospitals [Internet]. Reuters. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 26]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-health-workers-protest-neglect-covid-19-strains-hospitals-2021-09-01/
  6. Stamm BH. The Concise ProQoL Manual. 2nd ed. Professional Quality of Life Measure. Pocatello, ID: The ProQoL.org [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2021 Sep 26]. Available from: https://proqol.org/uploads/ProQoLManual.pdf
  7. Job Satisfaction Survey [Internet]. Paul Spector. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 26]. Available from: https://paulspector.com/assessments/pauls-no-cost-assessments/job-satisfaction-survey-jss/
  8. Köverová M. Job satisfaction, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue in helping professionals in Slovakia. 2019 Feb; 13.
  9. Baclig C. PH health workers: A pandemic of big work, small pay. Inquirer.Net [Internet]. 2021 Jun 9; Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1443920/ph-health-workers-a-pandemic-of-big-work-small-pay
  10. Lalu J. Nurse who died of COVID-19 gets P7,000 hazard pay, not P30,000 – daughter. Inquirer.Net [Internet]. 2020 Aug 14; Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1321435/nurse-who-died-of-covid-19-gets-p7000-hazard-pay-not-p30000-daughter
  11. International Labor Office. Migration of health workers: Country case study Philippines. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office; 2005.
  12. Lalu G. Health workers seeking pay hike say nothing has changed since pandemic started. Inquirer.Net [Internet]. 2021 Feb 16; Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1396226/health-workers-seeking-salary-hike-claim-nothing-changed-since-pandemic-started
  13. Mesárošová M. Psychometric Properties of a job satisfaction survey in Slovakia in helping professionals: Preliminary results. GJPR [internet]. 2017 Sep 13; 6(4): 195–201. doi: https://doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v6i4.2419
  14. Keshavarz ZT, Gorji MT, Houshyar ZT, Tamajani ZT, Martin JT. The professional quality of life among healthcare providers and its related factors. Social Health and Behavior [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Nov 20].; 2(1): 32-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_43_18
  15. Xie W, Wang J, Okoli CTC, et al. Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2020 Jul 17; 99(29): e21083. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021083
  16. Maroof N, Sikandar MZ, Nawaz H, Ali Shah SI. Professional quality of life and its association with work experience and income among healthcare workers. J Aziz Fatm Med Den Clg 2019; 1(2): 55–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v1i2.50
  17. Balinbin CBV, Balatbat KTR, Balayan ANB, et al. Occupational determinants of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among Filipino registered nurses. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2020 Mar; 29(5–6): 955–63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15163
  18. Jovic-Vranes A, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Boris V, Natasa M. Job satisfaction in Serbian health care workers who work with disabled patients. Cent Eur J Med [Internet]. 2008 Jun 1; 3: 221–4. doi: 10.2478/s11536-008-0003-4
  19. Hinderer KA, VonRueden KT, Friedmann E, et al. Burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress in trauma nurses. J Trauma Nurs [Internet]. 2014 Aug; 21(4): 160–9. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000055
  20. Sodeke-Gregson EA, Holttum S, Billings J. Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in UK therapists who work with adult trauma clients. Eur J Psychotraumatol [Internet]. 2013; 4(1): 21869. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21869
  21. Dehlin M, Lundh LG. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among psychologists: Can supervision and a reflective stance be of help? J Pers Oriented Res 2018 Dec 26; 4(2): 95-107. doi: 10.17505/jpor.2018.09
  22. Vermeir P, Degroote S, Vandijck D, et al. Job satisfaction in relation to communication in health care among nurses: A narrative review and practical recommendations. SAGE Open [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1; 7(2): Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017711486
  23. Li WW, West C, Xie G. The reflective risk assessment model of professional quality of life in Chinese nurses. J Nurs Manag [Internet]. 2021 May; 29(4): 767-75. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13217
  24. Kelly LA, Lefton C. Effect of meaningful recognition on critical care nurses’ compassion fatigue. Am J Crit Care [Internet]. 2017; 26(6): 438–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2017471
  25. Berinyuy B, Forje LC. The case of Shisong Hospital: Is promotion the reason for employee satisfaction, commitment or intention to quit? Int J Scient Adv [Internet]. 2021; 2(5): 748-53. Available from: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Volume2-Issue5-Sep-Oct-No.161-748-753.pdf
  26. Wentzel DL, Brysiewicz P. A survey of compassion satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue in nurses practicing in three oncology departments in Durban, South Africa. Int J Afr Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2018; 8: 82–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijans.2018.03.004
  27. Cinco DZP Maricar. Meager pay, exhaustion trigger nurses’ exit. INQUIRER.net [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 25]. Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1474539/meager-pay-exhaustion-trigger-nurses-exit
  28. Chia L, Tolentino A. Underpaid and overworked, Philippine nurses would rather walk away than work at home - CNA. Channel News Asia [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 25]. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/cnainsider/underpaid-overworked-philippines-nurses-hospitals-shortage-covid-1882796
  29. Bin Dahmash A, Alajmi M, Aldayel A, et al. Burnout and associated risk factors in pediatric residents. Ochsner J [Internet]. 2021 Jun 21; 21: 152–7. doi: 10.31486/toj.20.0037
  30. Rasmussen V, Turnell A, Butow P, et al. Burnout among psychosocial oncologists: An application and extension of the effort–reward imbalance model. Psychooncology [Internet]. 2016 Feb; 25(2): 194–202. doi: 10.1002/pon.3902. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
  31. Dyrbye LN, Major-Elechi B, Hays JT, Fraser CH, Buskirk SJ, West CP. Physicians’ ratings of their supervisor’s leadership behaviors and their subsequent burnout and satisfaction: A longitudinal study. Mayo Clin Proc [Internet]. 2021 Sep [cited 2021 Sep 25]; 96(10): 2598-605. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.01.035
  32. Shanafelt TD, Gradishar WJ, Kosty M, et al. Burnout and career satisfaction among US oncologists. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2014 Mar 1; 32(7): 678–86. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.8480. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
  33. National Academies of Sciences Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, Committee on Systems Approaches to Improve Patient Care by Supporting Clinician Well-being. Factors contributing to clinician burnout and professional well-being. In: Taking action against clinician burnout: A systems approach to professional well-being [Internet]. 4th ed. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US); 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 26]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK552615/
  34. Harris KJ, Russell LM. An investigation of the curvilinear effects of contingent reward leadership on stress-related and attitudinal outcomes. IJBSS [Internet]. 2013 Aug [cited 2021 Oct 2]; 4(10). doi: 10.30845/ijbss
  35. Kase SM, Gribben JL, Guttmann KF, Waldman ED, Weintraub AS. Compassion fatigue, bur nout, and compassion satisfaction in pediatric subspecialists during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pediatr Res [Internet]. 2022 Jan; 91(1): 143-8. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01635-y. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-021-01635-y
  36. Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, Ilic D. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2015 Jan 12; 12(1): 652–66. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120100652
  37. Rosales RA, Rosales GL, Labrague LJ. Nurses’ job satisfaction and burnout: Is there a connection? Int J Adv Nurs [Internet]. 2013 Jan 6; 2(1): 1–10. doi: 10.14419/IJANS.V2I1.583
  38. Cragg K. The Psychological health and wellbeing of Australian healthcare professionals [Internet] [thesis]. [Hobart]: UTas ePrints; 2018 [cited 2021 Oct 3]. p. 48. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/31057/1/Cragg_whole_thesis.pdf
  39. Abdo SAM, El-Sallamy RM, El-Sherbiny AAM, Kabbash IA. Burnout among physicians and nursing staff working in the Emergency Hospital of Tanta University, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J [Internet]. 2016 Mar 15; 21(12): 906-15. doi: 10.26719/2015.21.12.906
  40. Bellicoso D, Tr udeau M, Fitch MI, Ralph MR. Chronobiological factors for compassion satisfaction and fatigue among ambulatory oncology caregivers. Chronobiol Int [Internet]. 2017; 34(6): 808–18. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1314301
  41. Pearlman LA, Ian PSM. Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. Prof Psychol Res Pract [Internet]. 1995; 26(6): 558–65. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.26.6.558
  42. Bock C, Heitland I, Zimmermann T, Winter L, Kahl KG. Secondary traumatic stress, mental state, and work ability in nurses—results of a psychological risk assessment at a university hospital. Front Psychiatr [Internet]. 2020 Apr 27; 11: 298. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00298
  43. Missouridou E. Secondary posttraumatic stress and nurses’ emotional responses to patient’s trauma. J Trauma Nurs 2017 Mar; 24(2): 110–5.
  44. Passmore S, Hemming E, McIntosh HC, Hellman CM. The relationship between hope, meaning in work, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout among child abuse pediatric clinicians. Perm J [Internet]. 2019 Dec 6; 24: 19.087. doi: 10.7812/TPP/19.087
  45. Blanco-Donoso LM, Moreno-Jiménez J, Amutio A, Gallego-Alberto L, Moreno-Jiménez B, Garrosa E. Stressors, job resources, fear of contagion, and secondary traumatic stress among nursing home workers in face of the COVID-19: The case of Spain. J Appl Gerontol [Internet]. 2020 Mar; 40(3): 244–56. doi: 10.1177/0733464820964153
  46. Labrague LJ, Gloe D, McEnroe DM, Konstantinos K, Colet P. Factors influencing turnover intention among registered nurses in Samar Philippines. Appl Nurs Res [Internet]. 2018 Feb; 39: 200–6. doi: 10.1016/j. apnr.2017.11.027
  47. Cuevas PEG, Davidson PM, Mejilla JL, De Leon AS. The trajectory of Filipino nurse migrants in the United States and Canada [Internet]. Philadelphia: International Centre on Nurse Migration; 2021.
  48. Labrague LJ, Santos JA. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag [Internet]. 2021 Apr; 29(3): 395–403. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13168. Epub 2020 Oct 11.
  49. Biana HT, Joaquin JJ. COVID-19: The need to heed distress calls of healthcare workers. J Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Nov 23; 42(4): 853-4. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa145
  50. Sadang JM. The lived experience of Filipino nurses’ work in COVID-19 quarantine facilities: A descriptive phenomenological study. PRIJNR [Internet]. 2020 Dec 8 [cited 2021 Oct 3]; 25(1): 154-6. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/246371
  51. Mendoza JE. Watch: Health workers stage protest in front of DOH Office [Internet]. INQUIRER.net [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Oct 3]. Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1481789/watch-health-workers-stage-protest-in-front-of-doh-office
  52. Ramos-Araneta, Casas. Health workers nix singular stipend. Manila Standard [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Oct 3]. Available from: https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/366106?fbclid=IwAR0aKksag2PYkGQdfduLWn_KEukclaIGCfJrJkaF5bDc-3lJnkIMmnf9ywM
  53. Peña KD. Health care workers’ benefits: ‘Singular’ plan brings multiple issues. INQUIRER.net [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Oct 3]. Available from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1495271/health-care-workers-benefits-singular-plan-brings-multiple-issues
  54. Healthcare workers with CoViD-19 fully covered by PhilHealth [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 3]. Available from: https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/news/2020/hc_workers.php
  55. Ratcliffe R. Raging delta variant takes its toll as Philippines runs out of nurses. The Guardian [Internet]. 2021 Aug 21 [cited 2021 Oct 3]; Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/21/raging-delta-variant-takes-its-toll-as-philippines-runs-out-of-nurses.
  56. Madarang CS. Rundown: NCR hospitals in full capacity again as COVID-19 cases surge. Philstar [Internet]. 2021 Aug 10 [cited 2021 Oct 3]; Available from: https://interaksyon.philstar.com/politics-issues/2021/08/10/197864/rundown-ncr-hospitals-in-full-capacity-again-as-covid-19-cases-surge/