HomeInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research and Innovationvol. 1 no. 4 (2023)

Exploring the Reality of Hog Raisers in Cebu Amidst the African Swine Fever (ASF) Outbreak

Chester S. Tabasa | Mark Anthony Polinar

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

Hog farming is a significant industry in the Philippines, providing 60% of the country's animal meat consumption. However, the African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak has caused its collapse. In effect, the hog raisers stopped their operation and sought alternatives to earn money for the family's needs. As a result, a phenomenological study investigated the hog raisers' lived experiences and how they cope with the existing phenomenon. Six key informants were selected based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling for one-on one interviews conducted by researchers. Using Creswell's approach, (1) fear of the virus, (2) frustration from the border controls and lockdowns, (3) broken promises of financial assistance from the Department of Agriculture, and (4) incurred substantial financial loss were themes concerning the lived experiences of the key informants. Also, the key informants shared how they coped with the outbreak, including (1) shifting to a farming business, (2) working in a construction site, and (3) making hollow blocks. An effective approach to combat the ASF outbreak in Cebu necessitates a comprehensive strategy that draws on insights from key informants. It is imperative to establish systems of support that consider the financial, emotional, and psychological needs of those affected. Collaborative efforts with local communities, researchers, and government organizations are also crucial to devising sustainable plans for managing and preventing ASF in the long run. This study sheds light on the obstacles encountered by the hog industry in Cebu and underscores the significance of implementing coordinated measures to mitigate the effects of ASF.



References:

  1. Acquah, E. O., Tandon, M., & Lempinen, S. (2016). Teacher diversity awareness in the context of changing demographics. European Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904115611676
  2. Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods are applied to analyze cross-cultural experience in novel educational and social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134
  3. Bora, M., Bora, D.P., Manu, M., Barman, N.N., Dutta, L.J., Kumar, P.P., Poovathikkal, S., Suresh, K.P., & Nimmanapalli, R. (2020). Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies. Pathogens, 9, 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121044
  4. Cooper, T. L., Smith, D., Gonzales, M. J. C., Maghanay, M. T., Sanderson, S., Cornejo, M. R. J. C., Pineda, L. L., Sagun, R. A. A., & Salvacion, O. P. (2022). Beyond numbers: Determining the socioeconomic and livelihood impacts of African swine fever and its control in the Philippines. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 734236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.734236
  5. DA Press Office (2021). DA set to pay in full all ASF indemnification, totaling P2B. Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. https://www.da.gov.ph/da-set-to-pay-in-full-all-asf-indemnification-totaling-p2b/
  6. Dayour, F., Adongo, C.A., Amuquandoh, F.E. and Adam, I. (2021). "Managing the COVID-19 crisis: coping and post-recovery strategies for hospitality and tourism businesses in Ghana", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-08-2020-0150
  7. Elshaer, I. A. (2023). Front-line Hotel Employees Mental Health and Quality of Life Post COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Coping Strategies. Heliyon. Volume 9, Issue 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16915
  8. Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations (2020). Biosecurity Practices and Border Control to Stop the Spread of African Swine Fever. https://www.fao.org/3/ca7594en/ca7594en.pdf
  9. GF-TAD (n.d.). Summary and Recommendations on Biosecurity and Border Control for the second meeting of GFTADs SGE-ASF for Asia. https://rr-asia.woah.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/summary_and_recommendations.pdf
  10. Giorgi, A. (ed.) (1985). Phenomenology and Psychological Research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
  11. Israel, D. (2023). Cebu detects first ASF infection in lechon-famous Carcar City. INQUIRER.Net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1739576/cebu-detects-first-asf-infection-in-lechon-famous-carcar-city
  12. Kim, Y.-J., Park, B., & Kang, H.-E. (2021). Control measures to African swine fever outbreak: Active response in South Korea, preparation for the future, and cooperation. Journal of Veterinary Science, 22(1), e13. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e13
  13. Liu, J., Liu, B., Shan, B., Wei, S., An, T., Shen, G., & Chen, Z. (2020). Prevalence of African swine fever in China, 2018‐2019. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(8), 1023–1034. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25638
  14. Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  15. Neil. (2023). First case of ASF in Cebu confirmed. BusinessWorld Online. https://www.bworldonline.com/economy/2023/03/08/509520/first-case-of-asf-in-cebu-confirmed/
  16. Padronia, E. K. (2023). P120M grant for hog farmers affected by ASF. SUNSTAR. https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1972443/cebu/local-news/p120m-grant-for-hog-farmers-affected-by-asf
  17. Petinglay, A. C. (2023). P2-M aid for ASF-hit swine farmers in Antique town. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1204805
  18. PICAO (2023). P10. 4 million extended to 20 affected towns. (n.d.). Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://www.iloilo.gov.ph/en/donations-and-grants-news/p104-million-extended-20-asf-affected-towns
  19. Project, T. L. (2022). Keeping your hands clean on your farm. The Livestock Project. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/thelivestockproject/keeping-your-hands-clean-on-your-farm/
  20. Reuters. (2023). Philippines confirms African swine fever outbreak in Cebu. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-confirms-african-swine-fever-outbreak-cebu-2023-03-08/
  21. Saavedra, J. R. (2023). Pork Supply in Cebu City Stable Amid ASF in 12 Areas. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1198634
  22. Saavedra, J. R. and Ayuman, R. (2023). Cebu Bans Live Hogs from Negros Island as ASFD Detected. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1196789
  23. SciDev.Net. (2021). African swine fever decimates Philippine pig stocks. Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://phys.org/news/2021-02-african-swine-fever-decimates-philippine.htm
  24. Usda aphis | African swine fever (ASF). (n.d.). Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/swine-disease-information/african-swine-fever/seminar
  25. Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. New York: State University of New York Press.
  26. Wang, T., Sun, Y., & Qiu, H.-J. (2018). African swine fever: An unprecedented disaster and challenge to China. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 7(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-018-0495-3
  27. Weaver, T. R. D. & Habib, N. (2020). Evaluating losses associated with African swine fever in the People's Republic of China and neighboring countries (Cambodia, China, People's Republic of, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Viet Nam). Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/publications/losses-african-swine-fever-prc-neighboring-countries
  28. Xu, B., Zhou, L., Qiu, C., Li, Y., & Zhang, W. (2021). What Determines Pig Farmers' Epidemic Coping Behaviors: A Qualitative Analysis of Endemically Infected Areas in Relation to African Swine Fever. Vet. Sci., pp. 8, 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110266