TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY AND GRIT IN RELATION TO TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS
Roseve E Miras
Abstract:
One way to view teaching effectiveness is through the lens of
non-cognitive constructs. Hence, this study sought to determine
the relationship between self-efficacy and grit levels of senior
high school teachers, and their teaching effectiveness during the
school year 2018-2019. The methodology used was descriptive
research design with in-depth interviews. The respondents of the
study involved 34 teachers and 123 students of two private Senior
High Schools. Data were gathered through three (3) adopted
questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The significant findings of the study revealed that teachers’
self-efficacy is ‘high’ in three domains: student engagement,
instructional strategies, and classroom management. They have
high levels of grit in both domains: consistency of interests and
perseverance of effort. In terms of their teaching effectiveness
in seven aspects: care, challenge, control, captivate, confer, and
consolidate, teachers were rated as ‘effective’ by students. With
regards to relationships, teachers’ self-efficacy and grit were
found to be significant. However between teachers’ self-efficacy
and teaching effectiveness it is not significant and also holds true
between teachers’ grit and teaching effectiveness. In conclusion,
teachers’ perception of their self-efficiency and grit may not be
related to how students perceive their teaching effectiveness. Thus,
a gap between teachers’ and students’ perception was found.
Nonetheless, self-efficacy and grit were vital to ensure teachers’
longevity and commitment in the profession. Hence, they must be
enhanced through personality development programs.
References:
- Adio, G. & Popoola, S. O. (2010). Job satisfaction and career commitment of librarians in federal university libraries in Nigeria. Library Review, 59(3), 175-184.
- Akintayo, D. I. (2010). Work-family role conflict and organizational commitment among industrial workers in Nigeria. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 2(1), 1-8.
- Alberta Learning (2002) Learn Alberta glossary, instructional strategies [Online] Retrieved from https://education.alberta.ca/media/482311/is.pdf (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Ali, S. A. H. (2013, April). The motivation of lifelong mathematics learning. In Proceedings of the 20th National Symposium on Mathematical Sciences: Research in Mathematical Sciences: A Catalyst for Creativity and Innovation (Vol. 1522, No. 1, pp. 762-765). AIP Publishing. doi: 10.1063/1.4801203.
- Allegretto, A. &Tojerow, I. (2014) Teacher staffing and pay differences: public and private schools. Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2014.33. (Retrieved on March 20, 2019)
- Bamburg, J. (2004) Raising expectations to improve student learning. Retrieved from http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/leadrshp/le0bam.htm. (Retrieved on July 10, 2018)
- Bandura, A. (2006). Autobiography. In M. G. Lindzey, & W. M. Runyam (Eds.), A history of psychology in autobiography: Vol. IX (pp. 42-75). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.
- Bembenutty, H. & Chen, P. P. (2005). Self-efficacy and delay of gratification. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 9, 78 – 86.
- Bobek, B.L. (2002). Teacher resiliency: A key to career longevity. Clearing House, 75(4), 202-205. https://doi.org/10.1090/00098650209604932. (Retrieved on March 20, 2019
- Bohonos, J. (2014). Understanding career context as a key to best serving adult students. Adult Learning, 25(1), 28-30. doi: 10.1177/1045159513510144.
- Brown, A. L., Lee, J., & Collins, D. (2015). Does student teaching matter? Investigating preservice teachers’ sense of efficacy and preparedness. Teaching Education, 26(1), 77-93. doi.10.1080/10476210.2014.957666.
- Bwisa, H. (2017). What has a teacher’s marital status got to do with performance? Retrieved from https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001234448/what-has-a-teacher-s-marital-status-got-to-do-with-performance (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Crede, M., Tynan, M. C., & Harms, P. D. (2016). Much Ado About Grit: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of the Grit Literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advanced online publication. Doi: 10.1037/pspp0000102.
- Dean, C.P. (Winter 2014). Review of “Character Compass: How Powerful School Culture Can Point Students Toward Success, by Scott Seider; Harvard University Press, 2012.” Published in Perspectives in Urban Education, 11(1), 29-31.
- Disabato, D., Goodman, F. &Kashdan, T. (2018) Is grit relevant to well-being and strengths? Evidence across the globe for separating perseverance of effort and consistency of interests. Journal of Personality.
- Dobbins, D. (2016). Teacher effectiveness: Examining the relationship between teacher grit and teacher self-efficacy. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from https://shareok.org/handle/11244/48936 (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the short grit scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166–174.
- Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, (6), 1087-1101.
- Duckworth, A.L., Quinn, P.D., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2009b). Positive predictors of teacher effectiveness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 540-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157232. (Retrieved on March 20, 2019)
- Engberg, J. (2012) Teachers Matter: Understanding Teachers’ Impact on Student Achievement. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2012. https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CP693z1-2012-09.html. (Retrieved on March 10, 2019
- Goldring, R., Gray, L., and Bitterman, A. (2013). Characteristics of Public and Private Elementary and Secondary School Teachers in the United States: Results from the 2011–12 Schools and Staffing Survey (NCES 2013-314). U.S. Department of Education.
- Good, T. L. &Brophy, J. E. (2003). Looking in classrooms (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Ibrahim, A. (2014). The Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Classroom Effectiveness on Their Self-Concepts in Lagos Metropolis. Journal of Teaching and Teacher Education. 2. 133-141. 10.12785/jtte/020209.
- Kong, Y. (2005). A study of the relationship between job engagement of middle school teachers and its relative variables. 1.5.; no.11) 56-64.www.ccsenet.Org/journal.html.
- Könings, K., Seidel, T., Brand-Gruwel, S. & Van Merrienboer, J. (2014). Differences between students’ and teachers’ perceptions of education: Profiles to describe congruence and friction. Instructional Science. 42. 10.1007/s11251-013-9294-1.
- Kopkowski, C. (2008). Why they leave. National Education Association (April). Retrieved from http://www.nea.org/home/12630.htm (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Lynch, D. J. (2008). Confronting challenges: Motivational beliefs and learning strategies in difficult college courses. College Student Journal, 42, 416–421.
- Malipot, M. (2008, July 3). Private schools encounter problems due to shortage of licensed tutors. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/07/03/private-schools-encounter-problems-due-to-shortage-of-licensed-tutors (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Masten, M. (2012, December 4). The seven cs of effective teaching. ASCD in service. Retrieved http://inservice.ascd.org/the-seven-cs-of-effective-teaching/ (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Mayhew, R. (2019, February 05). Employee Turnover Definitions & Calculations. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/employee-turnover-definitions-calculations-11611.html (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- National Center on Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences. (2017). The condition of education 2017. (page). U.S. Department of Education: Washington, DC (retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2017/2017144.pdf (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Nginah, M. N. (2012). Influence of work-family conflicts on secondary school teachers’ level of job satisfaction in Machakos District, Kenya. Unpublished Thesis. Department of Educational Administration, University of Nairobi.
- Oliver, D. F. (2001) Teachers personal and school culture characteristics in effective schools: Toward a model of a professional learning community (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis database (UMI No: 3093682). (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Ongaki, N. (2015) Determinants of Teacher Turnover in Private Schools: A Case of Kisii Country, Kenya. International Journal of Research.
- Reed, L., & Jeremiah, J. (2017). Student grit as an important ingredient for academic and personal success. Ashford University.
- Robertson-Kraft, C., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). True grit: Trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals predicts effectiveness and retention among novice teachers. Teachers College record (1970), 116(3), 1-27.
- Rojas, J., Reser, J., Usher, E., &Toland, M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the academic grit scale. University of Kentucky College of Education. Retrieved from http://sites.education.uky.edu/motivation/files/2013/08/PojasPeserTolandUsher.pdf (Retrieved on July 10, 2018)
- Ross, J. A., Hannay, L., &Hogaboam-Gray, A. (2001). Teacher perceptions of the impact of secondary school reform on student assessment in an Ontario high school. Research in Ontario Secondary Schools: Series of Brief Reports, 6(4).
- Skaalvik, E. M., &Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology 99, 611-625.
- Tan O.S., Parsons, R.D., Hinson, S.L., &Sardo-Brown, D. (2003). Educational psychology: A practitioner-researcher approach: Thomson.
- Thomas, V. G. (2001). Educational experiences and transitions of reentry college women: Special considerations for African American female students. Journal of Negro Education, 70(3), 139-155.
- Thomson, P. (2009). School leadership: Heads on the block. London: Routledge.
- Thornton, H. J. (2004). What can we learn about retaining teachers from PDS teachers’ voices? Middle School Journal, 35(4), 5-12. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ752806&site=ehost-live; http://www.nmsa.org/Publications/MiddleSchoolJournal/Articles/March2004/Article1/tabid/135/Default.aspx (Retrieved on March 10, 2019)
- Tripod Education Partners. (2015). The 7Cs framework of effective teaching: Technical manual.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001). Teacher Efficacy Capturing an Elusive Construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 783-805.
- Weiner, B. (2005). Motivation from an attributional perspective and the social psychology of perceived competence. In A. J. Elliot & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 73–84). New York: Guilford.
- Wiseman, D. & Hunt G. (2008). Best practice in motivation and management in the classroom (2nd ed). Springfield: Charles Thomas.
- Zepke, N., & Leach, L. (2010). Improving student engagement Ten proposals for action. Active Learning in Higher Education, 11, 167-177.
- Zhang, M., Mou, N., Tong, K., & Wu, A. (2018). Investigation of the Effects of Purpose in Life, Grit, Gratitude, and School Belonging on Mental Distress among Chinese Emerging Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15, 2147.
- 游 (You), 旻勋. (2016). The Influence of Salary Satisfaction on Self Efficacy—Organizational Climate and as a Mediator. Modern Management. 06. 184-191. 10.12677/MM.2016.66024.
ISSN 2960-3528 (Online)
ISSN 1656-9571 (Print)