Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 5 no. 7 (2024)

Impact of Training Practices on Police Misconduct in Pampanga Police Provincial Office

Maylanie C. Banatao | Richard P. Castillo | Zenmar O. Grospe | King Relan M. Pia | Nelvin M. Ricohemoso | Elizabeth S. Villa-Buena

Discipline: Teacher Training

 

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of training on police misconduct in Pampanga Police Provincial Office. It determined the following questions: (a) Impact training practices of the police officers in Pampanga Police Provincial Office in terms of the following: ethical training programs; development initiatives, recruitment strategies, and accountability measures; (b) assessment of the respondents as to police misconduct in corruption and bribery, political interference, and lack of resources; drug war policies; impunity; lack of oversight and accountability; bias and discrimination; media influence; and economic conditions; and significant relationship between the impact of training practices and assessment of the respondents as to police misconduct among police officers in Pampanga Police Provincial Office. The descriptive correlation method was employed with 775 select respondents. The results are as follows:(a) the impact of training practices among the police officers in Pampanga Police Provincial Office in terms of ethical training programs, leadership development initiatives, recruitment strategies, and accountability measures highly impactful; (b) The respondents agreed that as to police misconduct that it was highly impactful in terms of corruption and bribery. The remaining indicators have obtained an impactful interpretation. These are as follows: political interference, lack of resources, drug policies, impunity, lack of oversight and accountability, bias and discrimination, media influence, and economic conditions; (c) The impact of ethical training programs is significantly positively correlated with each measured facet of police misconduct. These suggest adequate, ethical training programs could reduce these issues within the law enforcement community. This demonstrates how vital comprehensive ethical training is for tackling all facets of police wrongdoing and enhancing the department's professionalism; (d) Every measured aspect of police misconduct exhibited a robust positive link with the effectiveness of Leadership Development Initiatives. The correlation coefficients for lack of oversight and accountability range from 0.448 (moderate positive correlation) to 0.751 (strongly positive correlation), depending on the issue. The statistical significance of the correlations is confirmed, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected because the p-values for all dimensions are 0.000. This shows that respondents tend to give more positive ratings of various aspects of police misconduct as the impact of Leadership Development Initiatives on police officers improves; and (e). The respondents' assessments of police misconduct and the effects of police training practices established the statistical significance of these correlations, and the correlation coefficients showed the direction and intensity of the relationship between the two variables. Every aspect of police misconduct shows a strong positive link with the effect of recruitment strategies, which aligns with earlier research.



References:

  1. Annell, S., Lindfors, P., Kecklund, G., & Sverke, M. (2019). Sustainable recruitment: indi-vidual characteristics and psychosocial working conditions among Swedish po-lice officers. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.v8i4.111926
  2. Aquino, R. A. (2021). Philippine Youth from Academia and Police Sector Views on the State Of Corruption in the Philippines. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computing, Communica-tion and Control System, I3CAC 2021, 7-8 June 2021, Bharath University, Chennai, India. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-6-2021.2308578
  3. Baniaga, E. (2022). Peace strategies in the re-cruitment and training in the Police Re-gional Office of the Bangsamoro Autono-mous Region. Global Scientific Journals, 10(9), 754–761. https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/PEACE_STRATEGIES_IN_THE_RECRUITMENT_AND_TRAINING_IN_THE_POLICE_REGIONAL_OFFICE_OF_THE_BANGSAMORO_AUTONOMOUS_REGION.pdf
  4. Blair, G., Weinstein, J. M., Christia, F., Arias, E., Badran, E., Blair, R. A., Cheema, A.,
  5. Caliwan, C. L. (2022, March 29). 499 NCR Cops to undergo public safety training pro-gram. Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170874
  6. Chappell, A. T., & Piquero, A. R. (2004). Apply-ing social learning theory to police mis-conduct. Deviant Behavior, 25(2), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620490251642
  7. Creswell, J. W., & Clark, P. (2008). The selec-tion of Research Design (pp. 3-5). Sage Publication. Retrieved from https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upmbi nar-ies/22780_Chapter_1.pdf
  8. Crim, R. (2018). Police officers’ beliefs about ethics training. [Dissertation, Capella University]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2030544582
  9. Custodio, B. (2023). Examining the impact of training practices and organizational cul-ture on police misconduct in law en-forcement agencies in the Regional Train-ing Center 5. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Re-search, 52(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v52i1.621
  10. Datzer, D., Mujanović, E., & Ivković, S. K. (2019). Assessments of discipline fairness by police officers from Bosnia and Herze-govina. International Journal of Compara-tive and Applied Criminal Justice, 45(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2019.1651749
  11. Davies, A., & Heysmand, M. (2019). Implica-tions of a Field-Based Police Leadership Development Programme. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 741–758. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paz063
  12. Denisova, A. (2023). Problematic issues of po-lice officers’ practical training in some foreign countries and the Russian Federa-tion during training practices. Izvestiâ Sa-ratovskogo Universiteta. Novaâ Seriâ, 23(3), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-343-348
  13. Farooqui, A., Fetzer, T., Grossman, G., Haim, D., Hameed, Z., Hanson, R., Hasanain, A., Kronick, D., Morse, B., Muggah, R., Nadeem, F., Tsai, L. L., . . . Wilke, A. M. (2021). Community policing does not build citizen trust in police or reduce crime in the Global South. Science, 374(6571). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd3446
  14. Ferreira, E. A., Gomes, S., & Perez, N. (2018). Police recruitment and training in demo-cratic societies: a socio-legal comparative perspective. In Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785369117.00029
  15. Fleiter, J., Flieger, M., & Susanj, R. (2023). Strengthening speed and child restraint enforcement capacity in the Philippines. Journal of Road Safety, 34(2), 18–21. https://doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-22-00034
  16. Fridell, L. A., Maskály, J., & Donner, C. M. (2020). The relationship between organi-sational justice and police officer atti-tudes toward misconduct. Policing & So-ciety, 31(9), 1081–1099. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1834558
  17. Frontiers. (2021, April 24). Police Education and Training Revisited: Drawbacks and Advances. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/21511/police-education-and-training-revisited-drawbacks-and-advances
  18. Haim, D., Nanes, M., & Davidson, M. W. (2021). Family Matters: The Double-Edged Sword of Police-Community Connections. The Journal of Politics, 83(4), 1529–1544. https://doi.org/10.1086/715071
  19. Haim, D., Nanes, M., & Ravanilla, N. (2021, February 24). The impact of community policing on attitudes and public safety in the Philippines. Innovations for Poverty Action. https://poverty-action.org/study/impact-community-policing-attitudes-and-public-safety-philippines
  20. Ivković, S. K., Mraović, I. C., Božović, V., Prprović, B., & Nemec, N. (2019). Public views about police misconduct and police integrity in a comparative perspective. In Springer eBooks (pp. 219–246). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29065-8_9
  21. Jensen, S. H., & Hapal, K. (2018). Police vio-lence and corruption in the Philippines: violent exchange and the War on drugs. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Af-fairs, 37(2), 39–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341803700202
  22. Kammersgaard, T. (2019). Harm Reduction Policing: From drug law enforcement to protection. Contemporary Drug Prob-lems, 46(4), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450919871313
  23. Kären, M., & Hess, K. M. (2018). Introduction to law enforcement and criminal justice. Cengage Learning
  24. Kleygrewe, L., Oudejans, R. R. D., Koedijk, M., & Hutter, V. (2022). Police training in practice: organization and delivery ac-cording to European law enforcement agencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798067
  25. Körner, S., & Staller, M. S. (2020). Police Train-ing Revisited—Meeting the demands of conflict training in police with an alterna-tive pedagogical approach. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 15(2), 927–938. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa080
  26. Körner, S., & Staller, M. S. (2021). From Data to Knowledge: Training of Police and Mil-itary Special Operations Forces in Sys-temic perspective. Special Operations Journal, 7(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2021.1904571
  27. Krykun, V., Семенова, А., & Korniienko, M. (2023). Psychological and pedagogical content of the implementation of interna-tional standards of ethical behavior in the training of police officers in Ukraine. In PRIVAT COMPANY TECHNOLOGY CEN-TER eBooks (pp. 131–148). https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-67-1.ch8
  28. Kumar, T. V. (2018). Variation in the percep-tion of desired qualities of police officers among trainees and senior police officers. Insights into the process and efficacy of police training. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Jus-tice, 43(3), 241–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2018.1558083
  29. Lai, Y., Luo, F., Kang, C., & Lo, T. (2023). Ex-ploring Southeast Asian immigrants’ atti-tudes toward the police in Taiwan. Polic-ing. https://doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2022-0150
  30. Lasco, G. (2018). Kalaban: Young drug users’ engagements with law enforcement in the Philippines. International Journal of Drug Policy, 52, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.006
  31. Ledesma, J., & Tinagan, R. R. (2020). The Qual-ity and Satisfaction of police Training in Philippine National Police Regional Training Center 6. Philippine Social Sci-ence Journal, 3(2), 163–164. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.215
  32. Macabeo, M. (2022). Assessment of the Philip-pine National Police (PNP) Human Rights Development Program (HRDP) in Pro-tecting the Community from Abuse in Tabaco City, Albay, Philippines. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 49(1), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v49i1.642
  33. Mariano, R. (2017). Police Education and training as critical factors in anti-illegal drugs campaign, NCRTC
  34. Maxwell, S. R. (2018). Perceived threat of crime, authoritarianism, and the rise of a populist president in the Philippines. In-ternational Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 43(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2018.1558084
  35. Mendoza, R. U., Ilac, E. J. D., Francisco, A., & Casilao, J. M. S. (2020). Diagnosing factors behind officers’ performance in the Phil-ippine National Police. Police Practice and Research, 22(4), 1408–1424. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1795860
  36. Miethe, T. D., Venger, O., & Lieberman, J. D. (2019). Police use of force and its video coverage: An experimental study of the impact of media source and content on public perceptions. Journal of Criminal Justice, 60, 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.10.006
  37. Min, K. (2019). The effectiveness of anti-corruption policies: measuring the impact of anti-corruption policies on integrity in the public organizations of South Korea. Crime Law and Social Change, 71(2), 217–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09814-z
  38. My Brother’s Keeper Program towards Philip-pine National Police Internal Cleansing. (2023). International Review of Social Sciences Research, 3(2), 61–85. https://doi.org/10.53378/352991
  39. Perez, N. M., Nguyen, T., & Vogel, B. (2020). Community police academies: Assessing the effect of education on public percep-tions of police. The Police Journal, 94(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x20926939
  40. Pernia, R. A. (2021). Authoritarian values and institutional trust: Theoretical considera-tions and evidence from the Philippines. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 7(2), 204–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891121992118
  41. Quah, J. S. (2018). Combating Corruption in Asian Countries: Learning from Success & Failure. Daedalus, 147(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00511
  42. Quah, J. S. (2019). Combating police corruption in five Asian countries: a comparative analysis. Asian Education and Develop-ment Studies, 9(2), 197–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeds-06-2019-0100
  43. Raines, J. B., & Merenda, F. (2022). Evaluating implementation of the EPIC peer by-stander intervention program in basic law enforcement training (BLET). Police Practice and Research, 24(3), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2121281
  44. Rogers, M. S., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2019). Effectiveness of police crisis in-tervention training programs. PubMed, 47(4), 414–421. https://doi.org/10.29158/jaapl.003863-19
  45. Savchenko, V., & Ravlyuk, I. (2020). Peculiari-ties of professional training of employees of the federal police and special police forces of Germany. Naukovij Vìsnik Dnìpropetrovsʹkogo Deržavnogo Unìver-sitetu Vnutrìšnìh Sprav, 3(3), 102–107. https://doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-102-107
  46. Schuck, A. M., & Rabe-Hemp, C. E. (2021). A longitudinal study of the effects of acad-emy socialization on police integrity. Po-lice Quarterly, 24(4), 578–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111211029958
  47. Singh, D. (2022). The Causes of Police Corrup-tion and Working towards Prevention in Conflict-Stricken States. Laws, 11(5), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11050069
  48. Staller, M. S., Körner, S., Heil, V., Klemmer, I., Abraham, A., & Poolton, J. (2021). The structure and delivery of police use of force training: a German case study. Eu-ropean Journal for Security Research, 7(1), 87–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41125-021-00073-5
  49. Stréhli-Klotz, G. (2017). Law enforcement agencies and action learning approach — a potential tool for leadership develop-ment. European Law Enforcement Re-search Bulletin, 3, 187–196. https://bulletin.cepol.europa.eu/index.php/bulletin/article/download/293/240
  50. Timothy M. Maher (2017). Police Misconduct. DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780195396607-0186. OXFORD BIBLIOGRAPHIES
  51. Torres, G. P. (2020). The effectiveness of the international anti-corruption legal framework in the context and practice of Colombia. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(2), 437–476. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2019-0126
  52. Tusalem, R. F. (2018). Examining the Determi-nants of Extra-Judicial Killings in the Phil-ippines at the Subnational Level: the Role of Penal Populism and Vertical Account-ability. Human Rights Review, 20(1), 67–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-018-0535-1
  53. Van Droogenbroeck, F., Spruyt, B., & Ivković, S. K. (2023). Effects of police ethics train-ing on ethnic prejudice and social domi-nance orientation. Group Processes & In-tergroup Relations, 26(4), 859–874. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302221115083
  54. Vicente, J., Aguinaldo, J., Almerol, P., Balicdang, L., Bautista, J., Bondad, C. V., Jr., Cruz, C. A. M., Dela, L. G., Fernandez, J. M., Gano, E., Ines, P., Laroya, A., Mayatan, J., Nabanalan, E., Noble, A., Padua, M. J., Piluden, M. K., Pinkihan, V., Salvador, G., . . . Vicente, R. M. (2020). Lived experienc-es of Philippine National Police personnel with decided administrative cases. Inter-national Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 9(6), 127–175. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijarmss&volume=9&issue=6&article=004
  55. Vicente, R. M. (2023). Exploring the factors influencing the involvement of Philippine police personnel in administrative of-fenses. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sci-ences, 12(5). https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/May2023/G-3049.pdf
  56. Wagner, N., Hout, W., & Namara, R. (2019). Improving police integrity in Uganda: Im-pact assessment of the police accounta-bility and reform project. Review of De-velopment Economics, 24(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12643
  57. Warburg, A. B., & Jensen, S. H. (2020). Ambig-uous fear in the war on drugs: A recon-figuration of social and moral orders in the Philippines. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 51(1–2), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022463420000211
  58. Watson, D., Boateng, F. D., Pino, N. W., & Mor-gan, P. (2018). The interface between ex-ercise of state power and personal pow-erlessness: a study of police perceptions of factors impacting professional practic-es. Police Practice and Research, 19(5), 458–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2018.1443270
  59. Werb, D. (2018). Post-war prevention: Emerg-ing frameworks to prevent drug use after the War on Drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 51, 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.012
  60. Wozniak, K. H., Drakulich, K. M., & Calfano, B. (2020). Do photos of police-civilian inter-actions influence public opinion about the police? A multimethod test of media effects. Journal of Experimental Crimi-nology, 17(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-020-09415-0.
  61. Zhang, T. H., Sun, J., & Cao, L. (2020). Educa-tion, internet use, and confidence in the police: Testing the “Informed Citizen” thesis in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Criminology, 16(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09323-2

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic