Digital Literacy of Pre- service Teachers in a Local College: A Mixed Methods Study
Venice Loraine Labor | Jonelson C. Escandallo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study aimed to describe the level of digital literacy and the lived experiences of preservice
teachers at a local college in relation to digital literacy in their learning process.
Also, to describe the coping mechanism of pre-service teachers on digital literacy with
regards to their academic task. This study engaged mixed method design, utilizing parallel
convergent approach. The participants of the study were the pre-service teachers from all
4th year level. There were 89 students who were randomly selected for quantitative and 10
for the qualitative: ten for in-depth interview which were purposively selected. Based on the
results of the study, it was determined that the level of digital literacy is high. The study
results indicated a high level of digital literacy. When the quantitative and qualitative data
were compared, they aligned, supporting the TPACK framework's argument that it equips
pre-service teachers with a strong foundation in digital literacy. This enables students to
effectively use digital tools to enhance their learning experience. It can be concluded that
pre-service teachers exhibit strong digital literacy skills, particularly in communication,
critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration. The study also highlights the challenges they
face in using digital tools independently, as well as the coping strategies they employ to
overcome these barriers. Overall, the positive impact of digital literacy on education
outweighs the challenges, reinforcing the importance of continued digital skill
development.
References:
- Abbas, Q., Hussain, S., & Rasool, S. (2019). Digital Literacy Effect on the Academic Performance of Students at Higher Education Level in Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, 4(1), 154–165. https://ideas.repec.org/a/gss/journl/v4y2019i1p154-165.html
- Abdullah, S. M. (2019). Similiarity Artikel:Social Cognitive Theory : A Bandura Thought Review published in 1982-2012. Journal PSIKODIMENSIA, 18(1), 85–100. http://eprints.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/id/eprint/16382/
- Abella, J. L., & Rosa, E. D. (2023). Digital Literacy and Digital Competence of Selected Filipino Teachers: Basis for a Post-Pandemic Pedagogy. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(5), 548–569. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i5.378
- Ahmed, & Elsawi, M. (2023). The Impact of Critical Thinking in Improving Students’ Learning: A case study of students in the English Department, College of Science and Arts, Tanumah, King Khalid University. European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 11(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejells.2013/vol11n11016
- Amin, A.M., Romi Adiansyah, & Noor Hujjatusnaini. (2023). The Contribution of Communication and Digital Literacy Skills to Critical Thinking. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 11(3), 697–712. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v11i3.30838
- Ancheta, R. C. (2022). Digital Literacy Skills and Extent of Engagement on Digital Classroom Tools of General Education Teachers in an Inclusive Setting. Journal of Positive School Psychology , 4513–45224513–4522. https://mail.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/7259
- Anggeraini, Y., Faridi, A., Mujiyanto, J., & Bharati, D. A. L. (2019). Literasi digital: Dampak dan tantangan dalam pembelajaran bahasa. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pascasarjana (PROSNAMPAS), 2(1), 386–389. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/snpasca/article/view/313
- Apaydın, S., & Güven, S. (2022). Pre-Service Teachers’ Evaluations of Creativity in Higher Education. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 17(1), 58–87. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2022.248.4
- Arvaja, M., Sarja, A., & Rönnberg, P. (2020). Pre-service subject teachers’ personal teacher characterisations after the pedagogical studies. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1860010
- Aslan, S. (2020). Analysis of Digital Literacy Self-Efficacy Levels of Pre-service Teachers. International Journal of Technology in Education, 4(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.47
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psycnet.apa.org; American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-25733-001
- Barbosa Neves, B., Franz, R., Judges, R., Beermann, C., & Baecker, R. (2017). Can Digital Technology Enhance Social Connectedness Among Older Adults? A Feasibility Study. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 38(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464817741369
- Batez, M. (2021). ICT Skills of University Students from the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(4), 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041711
- Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Viviane Vladimirschi, Schuwer, R., Gennady Egorov, Lambert, S., Maha Al-Freih, Pete, J., Olcott, D., Rodes, V., Aranciaga, I., Bali, M., Alvarez, A. J., Roberts, J., Pazurek, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., Panagiotou, N., Perrine de Coëtlogon, & Sadik Shahadu. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–126. https://asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/462
- Bryman, A. (2007). Barriers to Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 8–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806290531
- Cabral, R., Garcia PD, Aquinaldo JT, Barongan DG, None Besweng MG S, & None Padlan E. (2023). Knowledge, Perception and Attitude among Dental Students on the Use of Online Education in a Higher Institution of Learning (HEI). Asian Journal of Healthcare Analytics, 2(1), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajha.v2i1.4230
- Carkit, C., & Kurnaz, H. (2022). The relationship between preservice teachers' critical thinking and epistemological beliefs. International Journal of Progressive Education, 8(1), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2022.426.7
- Clark, V. & Ivankova, N. (2017). A conceptual framework for the field of mixed methods research. Mixed Methods research: A guide to the field (pp. 1-2). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483398341.
- Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative research in corporate communication. Blogs Baruch Site. https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/
- Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Pearson/Merill Education
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Incorporated.
- Dagdilelis. V. (2018). Preparing teachers for the use of digital technologies in their teaching practice. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 3(1), 109-121. http://ressat.org/index.php/ressat/article/view/345
- Demir, S.B., & Pismek, N. (2018). A convergent parallel mixed-methods study of controversial issues in social studies classes: A class of ideologies. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practices, 18(1), 119-149. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.1.0298
- Dewia, E. R., & Alam, A. A. (2020). Transformation model for character education of students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(5), 1228–1237.
- Djawad, Y., Suhaeb, S., & Jaya, H. (2018). Innovation in learning through digital literacy at vocational school of health. Atlantis Press, 201, 239-244. https://doi.org/10.2991/aptekindo-18.2018.53
- Duin, A.H., Pedersen, I., & Tham, J. (2021). Building digital literacy through exploration and curation of emerging technologies: A networked learning collaborative. Springer Cham, 93-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85241-2_6
- Escandallo, J. C., Jane, K., Espinosa, D. L., & Alindao, C. O. (2024). FROM CHAOS TO CONTROL: INTEGRATING TIME MANAGEMENT, INCREASED ENGAGEMENT, AND TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO... ResearchGate, 705–714. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823422
- Escandallo, J.C. & Baradillo, D. G. (2024). A sequential explanatory approach on the relationship between social literacy and student engagement as mediated by English speaking skills. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra15397
- Ferri, F., Grifoni, P., & Guzzo, T. (2020). Online learning and emergency remote teaching: Opportunities and challenges in emergency situations. Societies, 10(4), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc10040086
- Fleming, J. & Zeegwaard (2018). Methodologies, methods and ethical considerations for conducting research in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19(3), 205-213. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329356405
- Gleason, B., & Von Gillern, S. (2018). Digital citizenship with social media: Participatory practices of teaching and learning in secondary education. Educational Technology and Society, 12(1), 200-212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322733013_Digital_citizenship_with_social_media_Participatory_practices_of_teaching_and_learning_in_secondary_education
- Gonzales, M. (2021). Collaborative skills of pre-service teachers. Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 17(17), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v17i2599-4891.221
- Gopinathan, S., Kaur, A.H., Veeraya, S., & Raman, M. (2022). The role of digital collaboration in students engagement towars enhancing student participation during COVID-19. Sustainability, 14(11), 44-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116844
- Graff, K., Quiñonez-Riegos, G., Scott, J., & Senior, H. (2020). Ethical issues in academic libraries: an annotated bibliography. Journal of Information Ethics, 29(1), 65-88. https://www.proquest.com/
- Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International journal of qualitative methods, 3(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690400300104
- Halcomb, E., & Hickman, L. (2015). Mixed methods research. Nursing Standard, 29(32), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.32.41.e8858
- Hamayel, H. &Hawamdeh, M. (2022). Methods used in digital citizenship: A systematic literature review. Journal of Digital education Technology, 2(3), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.30935/jdet/12520
- Hanson, W. E., Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Petska, K. S., & Creswell, J. D. (2005). Mixed methods research designs in counseling psychology. Journal of counseling psychology, 52(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.1037/00220167.52.2.224
- Iyer, L. (2019). Critical thinking and it’s importance in education. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339433132_Critical_Thinking_and_it
- Juarez, M.A., Perez, J.M. & Ortega, D.G. (2023). Digital distractions from the point of view of higher education students. Sustainability, 15(7), 7-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076044
- Khan, S., & Bhatt, I. (2018, January 1). Curation (Chapter for The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320798407_Curation_Chapter_for_The_International_Encyclopedia_of_Media_Literacy
- King, M. (2018). Aggregation, curation, and creation: Digital literacy skills that enhance learning. National Association of Secondary School Principals. https://www.nassp.org/2018/04/04/aggregation-curation-and-creation-digital-literacy-skills-that-enhance-learning/
- King, M. (2018). Aggregation, curation, and creation: Digital literacy skills that enhance learning. National Association of Secondary School Principals. https://www.nassp.org/2018/04/04/aggregation-curation-and-creation-digital literacy-skills-that-enhance-learning/
- Kwiatkowska, W., & Wiśniewska-Nogaj, L. (2022). Digital Skills and Online Collaborative Learning: The Study Report. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(5), 510–522. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.5.2412
- Lionenko, M. & Huzar, O. (2023). Development of critical thinking in the context of digital learning. Economics & Education, 8(2), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.30525/2500-946X/2023-2-5
- Mena-Guacas, A. F., Meza-Morales, J. A., Fernández, E., & López-Meneses, E. (2023). Digital morCollaboration in Higher Education: A Study of Digital Skills and Collaborative Attitudes in Students from Diverse Universities. Education Sciences, 14(1), 36–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010036
- Mokhtari, F. (2023). Fostering Digital Literacy in Higher Education: Benefits, Challenges and Implications. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 6(10), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.10.19
- Morrison, C. (2018). Copyright and Digital Literacy: Rules, Risk and Creativity. Digital Literacy Unpacked, 97–108. https://doi.org/10.29085/9781783301997.009
- Morrison, C., & Secker, J. (2022). 13 Copyright Education and Information Literacy. De Gruyter EBooks, 285–318. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110732009-015
- Nalyvaiko, O., & Ronzhes, O. (2021). Creativity in digital environment. Possibilities of application in the educational space. OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT of MODERN UNIVERSITY, 11, 106–120. https://doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2021.119
- Naz, D. F. L., Raheem, A., Khan, F. U., & Muhammad, W. (2022). An Effect Of Digital Literacy On The Academic Performance Of University-Level Students. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(8), 10720–10732. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/15014
- Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Dickinson, W. B., Leech, N. L., & Zoran, A. G. (2019). A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800301
- Pandya, A., & Lodha, P. (2021). Social Connectedness, Excessive Screen Time during COVID-19 and Mental Health: a Review of Current Evidence. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.684137
- Santoso, N. R., Sulistyaningtyas, I. D., & Pratama, B. P. (2022). Transformational Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strengthening Employee Engagement Through Internal Communication. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 0(0), 019685992210951. https://doi.org/10.1177/01968599221095182
- Shabani, K., Khatib, M., & Ebadi, S. (2010). Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development: Instructional implications and teachers’ professional development. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 237–248. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081990.pdf
- Sobaih, A. E. E., Hasanein, A. M., & Abu Elnasr, A. E. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in Higher Education: Social Media Usage for Sustaining Formal Academic Communication in Developing Countries. Sustainability (2071-1050), 12(16), 6520. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166520
- Stephany, K. (2023). Digital citizenship, digital literacy, and education. https://www.cosn.org/digital-citizenship-digital-literacy/
- Su, Y. (2023). Delving into EFL teachers’ digital literacy and professional identity in the pandemic era: Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework. Science Direct, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16361
- Tetep, T. & Suparman, A. (2019). Students’ digital media literacy: Effects on social character. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(29), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1091.0982S919
- Turner, R. J. (2007). Diffusion of Innovations. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 14(6), 776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2007.07.001
- Umali, T. (2019, August 8). EXCLUSIVE: Promoting Digital Literacy in the Philippine education system. OpenGov Asia. https://opengovasia.com/promoting-digital-literacy-in-the-philippine-education-system/
- Vidal, C., Vidal, J., De Los Reyes, C., Ancheta, R., Capuno, R., Pinili, L., Etcuban, J., Niña, R., Manguilimotan, R., & Manalastas, R. (2022). Digital literacy skills and extent of engagement on digital classroom tools of general education teachers in an inclusive setting. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(6), 7203-7210. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/8790/5719
- Wang, B., & Li, P. (2022). Digital creativity in STEM education: the impact of digital tools and pedagogical learning models on the students’ creative thinking skills development. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–14. https://doi.org/101080/10494820.2022.2155839
ISSN 2980-4760 (Online)
ISSN 2980-4752 (Print)