Readiness On The Program For International Student Assessment In Grade 8 At Amucao National High School
Bendia Catleya T. Bajana
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study utilized descriptive research for this study to learn about a particular
group of learners, known as a sample population. The study examined the Readiness on
the Program for International Assessment in Grade 8 at Amucao National High School.
The respondents were 36 learners in Grade 8. A questionnaire was administered to gather
relevant information and data, to the Grade 8 learners. Checklists, stories, and questions
are utilized to identify the readiness of the Program for International Student Assessment.
Findings revealed that most learners' critical thinking skills in reading single and
multiple texts are at an instructional level, but these skills drop to a frustration level when
engaging with complex texts. On the PISA in the Basic Reading Process assessment,
learners demonstrated readiness in the basic reading process, fluent reading, and literal
interpretation, but showed only a moderate level of readiness in inter-sentence integration,
context theme extraction, and inference drawing. An intervention program was proposed
to address these gaps to enhance learners' abilities in these critical areas. To enhance learners' critical thinking skills with complex texts, educators should
implement structured, scaffolded instruction by breaking texts into manageable sections
and guiding analysis through targeted questions. Facilitating collaborative discussions and
peer reviews can further refine understanding and deepen comprehension. Lastly, to
improve learners' readiness in inter-sentence integration, context theme extraction, and
inference drawing, educators should incorporate targeted practice activities such as
summarizing, identifying themes, and engaging in exercises that prompt inference and
draw conclusions.
References:
- Baron, N. S. (2021). What research tells us: single texts. In Oxford University PresseBooks (pp. 65–93). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084097.003.0005
- Basmo. (2023, February 14). The Importance of Reading. Can it Change Your Life?Basmo. https://basmo.app/importance-of-reading/.
- Best, J. (2021, April 6). What is Literacy and Why is it Important? - 3P Learning. 3PLearniing. https://www.3plearning.com/blog/literacy-important/.
- Best, J. (2021, April 7). The 5 components of reading explained - 3P learning. 3P Learning. https://www.3plearning.com/blog/reading-proficiency-with-5-essential-components-of-literacy/.
- Bogaert, R., Merchie, E., Aesaert, K., & Van Keer, H. (2023). The development of the reading comprehension—Progress monitoring (RC-PM) tool for late elementary students. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1066837.
- C, A. (2024, February 9). The real reason why Singapore ranks so high on PISA. Medium. https://medium.com/@astrisc/the-real-reason-why-singapore-ranks-so-high-on-pisae0e709ce299a.
- Deane, P. (2020). Building and justifying interpretations of texts: a key practice in the English language arts. ETS Research Report Series, 2020(1), 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ets2.12304.
- Department of Education Memorandum No. 01 s. 2024
- Domingue, B. W., Dell, M., Lang, D., Silverman, R., Yeatman,J. D., & Hough, H. (2022). The effect of COVID on oral reading fluency during the 2020–2021 academic year. AERA Open, 8, 233285842211202. https://doi.org/10.1177/233285842211120254.
- Edgar, L. (2022, January 28). Back to basics: making inferences. Decoda Literacy Solutions. https://decoda.ca/back-to-basics-making-inferences/.
- Elleman, A. M., & Oslund, E. L. (2019). Reading Comprehension Research: Implications for Practice and Policy. Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732218816339
- Fluency: Introduction | Reading Rockets. (n.d.-b). Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-101-learning-modules/coursesmodules/fluency
- Fluency: instructional guidelines and student activities | Reading Rockets. (n.d.). Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/fluency/articles/fluency-instructional-guidelines-and-student-activities
- Fultz, C. (2023, September 5). Comparing and Contrasting Texts: Why it’s Important and How to Teach It - Teaching with a Mountain View. Teaching with a Mountain View. https://teachingwithamountainview.com/comparing-and- contrasting-texts/
- Geniebook. (n.d.). Why Singaporean students outperform most nations in the PISA test? https://geniebook.com/exam-preparation/psle/article/why-singapore-students-do-better-most-other-countries-pisa-test##:~:text=Singapore's%20consistent%20top%20performance%20in,and%20cultural%20attitudes%20towards%20education
- Gryffin. (2024, May 6). Reading levels by Grade: Essential Benchmarks for Educationalpr ogress. Readability. https://www.readabilitytutor.com/reading-levels-by-grade/
- Gul, S., Räbiger, S., & Saygın, Y. (2022). Context-based extraction of concepts from unstr uctured textual documents. Information Sciences, 588, 248–264.https://doi.org/1 0.1016/j.ins.2021.12.056
- Harnly, A., & Harnly, A. (2024, April 12). The importance of reading fluency in effective literacy instruction. Amplify. https://amplify.com/blog/science-of-reading/the-im portance-of-reading-fluency-in-effective-literary-instruction/.
- Hegde, C., & Ashwini, K. (2020). Analysing the practicality of drawing inferences in automation of commonsense reasoning. In Advances in intelligent systems and computing (pp. 101–108). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3514-7_9.
- Hinson, M. (2023, May 19). Mastering Difficult Texts: Expert tips for Conquering Complex reads. Reading Ranch Tutorial Centers. https://www.readingranch.com/mastering-difficult-texts-expert-tips-for- conquering-complex-reads/.
- Hudson, A., Koh, P. W., Moore, K. A., & Binks-Cantrell, E. (n.d.). Fluency Interventions for Elementary Students with Reading Difficulties: A Synthesis of Research from 2000-2019. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1250532
- Imavexadmin. (2023, October 18). Explain the value of multiple sources. Smekens Education Solutions, Inc. https://www.smekenseducation.com/explain-the-value-of-multiple-sources/.
- Ines, J. (2023, December 7). PISA result indicates PH education system is 5 to 6 years behind – DepEd. RAPPLER. https://www.rappler.com/philippines/deped-reaction-statement-program-international-student-assessment-result-2022/.
- ILSA-Gateway: PISA 2018 Framework | ILSA-Gateway. (n.d.). https://ilsa-gateway.org/studies/frameworks/1350.
- Kessler, N. (2024, February 17). Understanding the concept of inference in psychology –Listen-Hard. Listen Hard. https://listen-hard.com/cognitive-and-experimental-psychology/psychology-inference-concept/#google_vignette.
- Lastiri, L. (2022, June 19). What are the levels of comprehension? Iris Reading. https://irisreading.com/what-are-the-levels-of-comprehension/'.
- Lenhart, J., & Richter, T. (2022). Does reading a single short story of literary fiction improve social-cognitive skills? Testing the priming hypothesis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000533
- Libretexts. (2022, July 5). 1.3: What is Literary Analysis? Humanities LibreTexts. https://human.libretexts.org/Workbench/Writing_and_Critical_Thinking_Through_Literature/01%3A_Introduction/1.03%3A_What_is_Literary_Analysis%3F
- Libretexts. (2024, February 12). 3.9: Comparing and contrasting arguments. Humanities https://www.readingranch.comhttps://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Composition/Advanced_Composition/How_Arguments_Work_A_Guide_to_Writing__and_Analyzing_Texts_in_College_(Mills)/03%3A_Writing_a_Summary_of_Another_Writers_Argument/3.09%3A_Comparing_and_Contrasting_Arguments
- Masters, G. (2023, December 8). Can we learn from Singapore’sschools? Australian Council for Educational Research - ACER. https://www.acer.org/au/discover/article//can-we-learn-from-singapores-schools
- Majumdar, A. (2022). Thematic analysis in qualitative research. In IGI Global eBooks (pp.604–622). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3881-7.ch031
- Mujuzi, J. D. (2024). Between a ‘flexible’ and ‘rigid’ interpretation of the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination under article 21(3) of the constitution of Uganda: Uganda Law Society and 12 others v Attorney General [2024] UGCC2 (13 February2024). International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. https://doi.org/10.1177/13582291241245394
- Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-by-Step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research.International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940692312057894.
- National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.-b). Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) - Introduction to PISA.https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/pisa200 3highlights.asp
- New PISA results: strengthening education systems in the wake of the pandemic. (2023).In PISA in Focus. https://doi.org/10.1787/62fc50a3-en
- Nishat. (2022b, April 28). Closing the literacy gap via catch-up programmes in education.Open Access Government. https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/closing-the
- Orellana, P., Silva, M., & Iglesias, V. (2024). Students’ reading comprehension level and reading demandsin teacher education programs: the elephant in the room? Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1324055.
- Paige, D. D. (2020, July 30). Reading Fluency: A brief history, the importance of supporting processes, and the role of assessment. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED607625.
- Paige, D. D., Rupley, W. H., & Ziglari, L. (2024). Critical thinking in reading Comprehension: Fine tuning the simple view of reading. Education Sciences,14(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030225
- PISA scores by country 2024. (n.d.). https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-ranking/pisa-scores-by-country.
- PISA 2022 Assessment and Analytical Framework. (n.d.). PISA | OECD iLibrary. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/fr/education/pisa-2022-assessment-and-analytical-framework_dfe0bf9c-en.
- Romig,J. E., & Jetton, A. (2023). Effects of a repeated reading intervention delivered online to upper elementary students. Journal of Special Education Technology. https://doi.org/10.1177/01626434231184879
- Servallos, N. J. (2023, December 6). PISA: Philippines 5 to 6 years behind. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/12/07/2317044/pisa-philippines-5-6-years-behind
- Skills, E. (2024, May 21). The impact of fluency on reading comprehension: How does reading speed matter? Essential Skills. https://essentialskills.com/blog/the-impact--of-fluency-on-reading-comprehension-how-does-reading-speed-matter/
- Smulovics, P. (2023, June 20). Invest in reading: the gateway to knowledge and personal growth. Dotneteers.net. https://dotneteers.net/invest-in-reading-the-gateway-to-knowledge-and-personal-growth/#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20gateway%20with%20valuable%20life%20skills.
- Singapore - NCEE. (2024, January 12). NCEE. https://ncee.org/country/singapore/.
- Team, S. P., & Team, S. P. (2023, September 4). Introduction to Descriptive Design Research. SurveyPoint -. https://surveypoint.ai/blog/2023/09/04/introduction-to-descriptive-design-research/.
- Tomas, M. J. L., Villaros, E. T., & Galman, S. M. A. (2021b). The Perceived Challenges in Reading of Learners: Basis for School Reading Programs. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(05), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.95009
- Van Erp, Sara, "Improving Fluency Rates Through Repeated Reading" (2021). Dissertations, Theses, and Projects. 609. https://red.mnstate.edu/thesis/609.
- What is PISA? - Educational Research Centre. (2024, February 26). Educational Research Centre. https://www.erc.ie/studies/pisa/what-is-pisa/.
- Zhao, Y., Xia, T., Jiang, Y., & Tian, Y. (2024). Enhancing inter-sentence attention for Semantic Textual Similarity. Information Processing & Management, 61(1), 103535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103535.
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2799-0842 (Online)
ISSN 2799-130X (Print)