Impact Of Government Programs On Access To Potable Water In The Philippines: Progress, Challenges And Evidences From National And International Studies
Crisanto Galay
Discipline: Development Studies
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of major Philippine government programs—particularly those led by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)—on access to potable water, in the context of Sustainable Development Goal 6.1. Drawing on national survey data and a comprehensive review of at least 25 studies, the paper evaluates trends in water access, quality, and equity from 2000 to 2025. Findings show a substantial increase in access to improved water sources, with notable reductions in time spent collecting water and contamination rates. However, challenges remain in rural and marginalized communities. The discussion situates Philippine progress within regional and global contexts, highlighting the importance of integrated governance, sustained investment, and community engagement for universal water access.
References:
- Philippine Statistics Authority. (2025). Annual Poverty Indicators Survey.
- United Nations Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. (2002). General Comment No. 15 on the Right to Water.
- United Nations. (2025). Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all.
- Asian Development Bank. (2013). Philippines: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map.
- World Bank. (2017). Philippines: Improving Water Supply and Sanitation Services.
- Department of Social Welfare and Development. (2024). KALAHI-CIDSS Program Reports.
- Local Water Utilities Administration. (2022). Rural Water Supply Project Evaluation.
- Jimenez, A., & Perez-Foguet, A. (2011). Water, sanitation and hygiene in the Philippines: An overview. Water Policy, 13(6), 857-869.
- Asian Development Bank. (2016). Gender Equality and Water Governance in the Philippines.
- World Health Organization. (2020). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene 2000–2020.
- Department of the Interior and Local Government. (2023). SALINTUBIG Program Impact Assessment.
- Eder, J. F. (2019). Water and sanitation in Philippine indigenous communities. Human Organization, 78(2), 141-152.
- McIntosh, A. (2014). Urban water supply and sanitation in Southeast Asia. Routledge.
- Ballesteros, M. M. (2012). Rural water supply in the Philippines: Issues and challenges. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
- GCPIT. (2025). Improving Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Philippines: Challenges, Solutions, and Entrepreneurial Opportunities.
- UN Women. (2018). Gender, water, and sanitation in Asia and the Pacific.
- Asian Development Bank. (2019). Water Supply and Sanitation in the Philippines: Service Delivery Assessment.
- UNICEF. (2022). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in the Philippines.
- Department of Public Works and Highways. (2021). Water Infrastructure Annual Report.
- Reyes, C. M., & Tabuga, A. D. (2019). Water access and poverty in the Philippines. Social Science Research Network.
- Perez, E. M., & Sison, J. M. (2016). Community-managed water supply systems in the Philippines. Water International, 41(1), 1-14.
- World Bank. (2019). Ensuring Water Quality in Decentralized Systems.
- Asian Development Bank. (2020). Building Resilience for Water Security in the Philippines.
- Dizon, J. T., & Miranda, N. S. (2018). Water governance and decentralization in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 62(1), 23-45.
- Water.org. (2023). Water and Sanitation in the Philippines: Progress and Gaps.
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (2022). National Water Quality Status Report.
- World Health Organization. (2023). Water Safety Planning in the Philippines.
- Asian Development Bank. (2021). Inclusive Water Supply Services in Asia.
- United Nations Development Programme. (2017). Leaving No One Behind: Water and Sanitation for All in Asia-Pacific.
- Oxfam. (2018). Water for Women: Gender and Social Inclusion in WASH Programs.