Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 25 no. 1 (2024)

Understanding The Implementation Of School-based Management (SBM) Leadership And Governance As Experienced By Stakeholders Of General Santos City National Secondary School Of Arts And Trades

Judelyn Malasaga | Francisco Espinosa | Geraldine Rodriguez

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to describe the experienced challenges of stakeholders in the implementation of school-based management (SBM) leadership and governance. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design. The participants of this study were the 9 stakeholders; 5 stakeholders underwent individual interview (IDI), while the other 4 underwent focused-group discussion (FGD). The study has three formulated themes which were the challenges, coping, and insights of stakeholders. The challenges of stakeholders in the implementation of school-based management (SBM) leadership and governance were able to formulate the following emergent themes: lack of support in SBM implementation, roles and involvement in SBM leadership, miscommunication, and initial expectations about SBM. Moreover, the coping mechanism of stakeholders in the implementation of school-based management (SBM) leadership and governance formulated the following emergent themes: conflict resolution within SBM framework, balancing SBM responsibilities with other obligations, innovative approaches to improve SBM processes, and seeking support and guidance during challenging times. The last formulated theme for the insights of stakeholders in the implementation of school-based management (SBM) leadership and governance had formulated the following emergent themes: transparency and communication within SBM, collaboration of stakeholders in SBM, and improvement of SBM.



References:

  1. Adler, R. H. (2022). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(4), 598-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344221116620
  2. Ahmad, A. (2020). School-based management in developing graduate quality. HAKI. https://digitallibrary.ump.ac.id/849/
  3. Alfredo Jr, G. D., & Barrameda, C. N. (2019). Value-laden school-based management functions of Filipino school heads. The Normal Lights, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v13i2.1384
  4. Alrasheedi, G., & Almutawa, F. (2022). The nature of school-based management in idependent schools in the State of Qatar: An analytical study. Journal of School Choice, 16(2), 235-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2021.1994278
  5. Amon, L., & Bustami, M. R. (2021). Implementation of school-based management in curriculum and learning processes: A literature review. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah (Dikdasmen), 1-11. https://journal.ilininstitute.com/index.php/dikdasmen/article/view/1060
  6. Angerryco, R. (2019). School-based management problems encountered by school heads of San Francisco district: Basis for the development of a proposed district improvement plan. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2H). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/10765
  7. Ansar, A., & Tolla, I. (2022). School-based management and school culture in teacher performance improvement. Excellent Education, Science and Engineering Advances Journal, 1(1), 17-24. https://ojs.nubinsmart.id/index.php/eeseaj/article/view/28
  8. Arar, K., & Nasra, M. A. (2020). Linking school-based management and school effectiveness: The influence of self-based management, motivation and effectiveness in the Arab education system in Israel. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(1), 186-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218775428
  9. Arenque, D. D. (2021). Implementation of school-based management program in Bicol secondary schools. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 10(4), pp-660. https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/view/6280/pdf
  10. Aya, M. K. F. D., Buenvinida, L. P., Tan, C. S., Bandoy, M. M., & Manaig, K. A. (2022). Leadership practices, adversity quotient, and school-based management practices in the new normal: A descriptive-correlational approach. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 4(2), 59-84. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v4i2.1091
  11. Ayeni, A. J., & Bamire, F. B. (2022). The role of school based management and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Owo Local Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education, Teaching, and Social Sciences, 2(3), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijets.v2i3.794
  12. Bafadal, I., Wiyono, B. B., & Sobri, A. Y. (2019). The implementation of school-based management, and its effect on the teachers’ work motivation and the school quality. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(9), 2021-2026. http://surl.li/knytyx
  13. Ballarta, L. V., Illescas, C. M., Perez, D. R., & Hamora, L. A. (2022). School-based management level of practice in selected public elementary schools in Mimaropa Region, Philippines. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and Practices, 8, 134-146. https://www.zienjournals.com/index.php/jpip/article/view/1672
  14. Bandur, A., Hamsal, M., & Furinto, A. (2022). 21st Century experiences in the development of school-based management policy and practices in Indonesia. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 1-23. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10671-021-09293-x
  15. Berhanu, K. Z. (2023). Practices, challenges, and prospects of implementing school-based management (SBM) system in Ethiopian schools: Implications for policy makers. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 8(2), 465-504. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1275282
  16. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). The ebbs and flows of qualitative research: Time, change and the slow wheel of interpretation. Temporality in qualitative inquiry. Theories, methods and practices. Clift BC, Gore J, Gustaffson S, Bekker S, Battle IC, Hatchard J, Editor. London: Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003083504-2/ebbs-flows-qualitative-research-virginia-braun-victoria-clarke
  17. Bustamante, J. D. R. (2022). School based management (SBM) practices and effective school performance. School based management (SBM) practices and effective school performance, 104(1), 16-16. https://ijrp.org/paper-detail/3496
  18. Castell, E., Muir, S., Roberts, L. D., Allen, P., Rezae, M., & Krishna, A. (2022). Experienced qualitative researchers’ views on teaching students qualitative research design. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 19(4), 978-1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2021.1992061
  19. Catam, L., & Punzalan, R. (2019). School-based management skills and leadership style among school administrators: Its implications to organization. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2H). https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/10766
  20. Cheng, Y. C. (2022). School effectiveness and school-based management: A mechanism for development. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003267980
  21. Cornito, C. M. (2021). Striking a balance between centralized and decentralized decision making: A school-based management practice for optimum performance. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 3(4), 656-669. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1318785
  22. Delgado, C. (2019). Performance efficiency of the internal stakeholders in the implementation of the school-based management (SBM) in the Division of Iriga City. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2G). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/6117
  23. Ela, E. A., Ismanto, B., & Iriani, A. (2023). Evaluation of the implementation of school-based management at SMKN 1 Tengaran (study of participation in improving the quality of education). Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v7i1.58286
  24. Ela, A., Ismanto, B., & Iriani, A. (2023). School-based management: Participation in improving the quality of education. Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v7i1.58286
  25. Fathurohman, F., & Santosa, A. B. (2020). The education decentralilation policy through implementation of school-based management (SBM). Jurnal Kependidikan, 8(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.24090/jk.v8i2.4674
  26. Gardner, H. (1983). Artistic intelligences. Art Education, 36(2), 47-49. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00043125.1983.11653400
  27. Gaspar, E. S. (2022). Correlates transformational management styles and school-based management (SBM) practices of school heads. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 1(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajiri.v1i1.474
  28. Ghani, A. R. A., Fatayan, A., Yatri, I., Qodariah, L., Bunyamin, B., & Burmansah, B. (2020). Evaluation of school-based management implementation (SBM) in Madrasah Jakarta. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1). http://surl.li/begjws
  29. Ghoraishi Khorasgani, M. S., & Lashgari, M. (2022). An analytical-descriptive study of school-based management’s research; with emphasis on its concept and implications in education. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational System, 15(1), 153-172. https://mpes.sbu.ac.ir/article_101444.html
  30. Hardiansyah, F. (2022). The implementation of school-based management in improving quality of education in primary school. Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(2), 148-162. https://core.ac.uk/reader/551324460
  31. Haryati, W., Kristiawan, M., & Puspita, Y. (2021). School principal strategy in improving the school based management through the quality of education. In International Conference on Education Universitas PGRI Palembang (INCoEPP 2021) (pp. 611-618). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/incoepp-21/125958760
  32. Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative research methods. Sage. http://surl.li/ybifip
  33. Hernita, R., & Arafat, Y. (2020). The effect of work motivation, school culture and school based management on teacher's performance. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2, 188-202. https://www.eresearchjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/17.-Eresearch_Rika-Hernita.pdf
  34. Irsyad, I., Nafisah, N., Sulastri, S., & Syahril, S. (2023). The contribution of principal leadership and school culture to the implementation of school-based management in Padang City public junior high school. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i1.499
  35. Iser, W. (2022). The reading process: A phenomenological approach. In new directions in literary history (pp. 125-145). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003247937-8/reading-process-phenomenological-approach-wolfgang-iser
  36. Jackson, K., & Bazeley, P. (2019). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo.
  37. Jihan, J. (2023). Life skills education through school-based management to achieve national education goals. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(01). https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i01.4322
  38. Jihan, J., Ashadi, F., Sofwandin, I., Ramli, A., & Bashori, B. (2023). Implementation of school-based management in increasing the quality of education. https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/1714/1395
  39. Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher, 42(8), 846-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
  40. Koc, A., & Bastas, M. (2019). Project schools as a school-based management model. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 6(4), 923-942. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1246495
  41. Legisma, S. (2019). Internal stakeholder's participation in school-based management. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2M). https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/8108
  42. Lucenario, J. L. S., Jose, P. V., & Matocinos, L. D. (2019). Effects of school-based management on-line reporting system on efficiency as perceived by teachers and level of practice as assessed by schools division office. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2D). https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/9298
  43. Malimban, H. L. (2019). Impact of the implementation of school-based management program among public elementary schools in Cavite: Basis for a proposed school improvement plan. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2M). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/8035
  44. Marmoah, S., Hartono, H., & Sadiman, S. (2019). Implementation of school-based management through a culture of literacy in elementary schools. Dwija Cendekia: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 3(2), 238-247. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/jdc/article/view/35349
  45. Martin, M. (2019). The implementation of school-based management in public elementary schools. Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning, 9(1), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajatel.vol9.no1.5.2019
  46. Maslow, A. H. (1998). Maslow on management. John Wiley & Sons. http://surl.li/zakvkj
  47. McGrath, C., Palmgren, P. J., & Liljedahl, M. (2019). Twelve tips for conducting qualitative research interviews. Medical Teacher, 41(9), 1002-1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497149
  48. Moradi, S., & Aminbeidokhti, A. A. (2019). The education system and a ten-year lack of an operational model for evaluating the performance of the board of trustee's schools from the perspective of school-based management system. Journal of Management and Planning in Educational System, 12(1), 101-124. https://www.sid.ir/paper/217995/en
  49. Naibaho, S. M., Gultom, S., & Lubis, W. (2019). Implementation of school-based management (Study case in SMA Negeri 1 Sumbul, Dairi Regency). In 4th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2019) (pp. 190-195). Atlantis Press.
  50. Najah, T. S. (2021). Headmaster's leadership style in the implementation of school-based management at Madrasa. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/aisteel-19/125928403
  51. Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on medical education, 8, 90-97. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2
  52. Ngwenya, V. C. (2020). School-based supervision enhances the professional development of teachers. South African Journal of Education, 40(3). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/saje/article/view/199793
  53. Ochmann, S., Owolabi, K. E., Olatunji-David, F., Okunlola, N., & Vollmer, S. (2022). The impact of grants in combination with school-based management trainings on primary education: A cluster-randomized trial in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 14(3), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2021.2007980
  54. Ogunode, N. J., & Chijindu, O. E. (2022). Implementation of school-based management committee of public secondary schools in Nigeria: Contribution, challenges and way forward. International Journal on Integrated Education, 5(6), 185-193. https://www.neliti.com/publications/409983/implementation-of-school-based-management-committee-of-public-secondary-schools
  55. Parra, J. D. (2022). Decentralisation and school-based management in Colombia: An exploration (using systems thinking) of the full‐day schooling programme. International Journal of Educational Development, 91, 102579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102579
  56. Permana, R. S. G., & Rodiah, S. Z. (2022). Implementation of school-based management. MindSet: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.58561/mindset.v1i1.30
  57. Piaget, J. (1976). Piaget’s Theory. In Springer eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46323-5_2
  58. Rahman, B., & Maulina, H. (2019). Green school based management model as a powerful alternative solution to overcome global climate change: A need assessment survey analysis of teacher in lampung, indonesia. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1155, No. 1, p. 012086). IOP Publishing. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012086/meta
  59. Ridho, A., Zainollah, Z., Ismail, I., & Primarni, A. (2021). Democratization of islamic education through school-based management. FIKROTUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Manajemen Islam, 14(02), 1892-1908. https://doi.org/10.32806/jf.v14i02.5195
  60. Rogers, C. R. (1977). Carl Rogers on personal power. Delacorte. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1978-01508-000
  61. Rohma, S., Harapan, E., & Wardiah, D. (2020). The influence of school-based management and teacher's professionalism toward teacher’s performance. Journal of social work and Science Education, 1(1), 13-23. https://ejournal.karinosseff.org/index.php/jswse/article/view/6/5
  62. Romilla, R. (2019). Status of school-based management program in public secondary schools in the Division of Cavite: Basis for a proposed total quality management template. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2M). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/8299
  63. Rosales, M. L. J. (2019). Levels of participation of school stakeholders to different school-initiated activities and the implementation of school-based management. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2F).  https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/8789
  64. Rosyida, I., & Purwanto, N. A. (2022). Implementation of school-based management to improve education quality at MAN 6 Pidie. In 5th International Conference on Current Issues in Education (ICCIE 2021) (pp. 404-408). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iccie-21/125969637
  65. Sadiman, S., Arafat, Y., & Mulyadi, M. (2021). The influence of principal leadership and teachers’ professionalism on the effectiveness of school-based management at state elementary schools of Keluang district. Journal of Educational and Learning Studies, 4(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.32698/01472
  66. Siason Jr, N. D. (2021). Twists and turns in school-based management: Experiences of school heads in the new normal. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(7). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A12%3A16065180/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A161812664&crl=c
  67. Silabay, A. C., & Alegre, E. M. (2023). Achieving school-based management Level III: Practice, experiences, and challenges among key players. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 10(2), 977-993. http://surl.li/unkcri
  68. Sirait, J., Siajabat, O. P., Napitupulu, S., Simanjuntak, F. N., & Purba, Y. O. (2022). Elementary school principals' learning leadership and innovative behavior in using school-based management. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(1), 167-176. https://www.journal.staihubbulwathan.id/index.php/alishlah/article/view/1713
  69. Sor, J. (2019). Management of human resource as outcome of practising school-based management: Basis for strategizing a localized resource plans and policies. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2N). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/11052
  70. Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Developmental Education, 44(1), 26-28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45381095
  71. Sucuoğlu, E., & Tangiri, R. N. (2021). Examining personnel and budget domains of lay private school-based management in the Republic of Cameroon. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(7). https://rigeo.org/menu-script/index.php/rigeo/article/view/1663/1674
  72. Sumarsono, R. B., Triwiyanto, T., Kusumaningrum, D. E., & Gunawan, I. (2019). Opportunities for the implementation of school-based management in the eastern area of Indonesia. Int. J. Innov. Creat. Chang, 5(4), 180-196. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol5iss4/5413_Sumarsono_2019_E_R.pdf
  73. Szeto, E. (2020). School leadership in the reforms of the Hong Kong education system: Insights into School-Based development in policy borrowing and indigenising. School Leadership & Management, 40(4), 266-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1616172
  74. Tansiri, I. Y., & Bong, Y. J. (2019). The analysis of school-based management (SBM) implementation to the educational quality service of state junior high school. In 2nd International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2018) (pp. 424-426). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icream-18/55914289
  75. Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., & Gonzalez, E. (2020). Planning qualitative research: Design and decision making for new researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1609406920967174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174
  76. Ulfatin, N., Mustiningsih, Sumarsono, R. B., & Yunus, J. N. (2022). School-based management in marginal areas: Satisfying the political context and student needs. Management in Education, 36(3), 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620959739
  77. Umar, B. B., Krauss, S. E., Ahrari, S., Samah, A. A., & Hamid, J. A. (2021). Socio-cultural barriers to youth voice in Nigerian school-based management committees: A Multi-Case Analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 29. http://surl.li/ibjugr
  78. Usoh, E. J. (2021). Institutionalisation of school based management. In 5th Asian Education Symposium 2020 (AES 2020) (pp. 167-170). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/aes-20/125958646
  79. Van Manen, M. (2023). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003228073
  80. Verzosa, J., & Gomba, F. (2020). A grounded theory of stakeholders' involvement for an effective School-Based Management (SBM) program. SSU-Digital Archive for Theses and Dissertations, 38(1), 1-275.
  81. Villanueva, J. S., & Cruz, R. A. O. D. (2021). Confronting challenges of school-based management in a developing country. Journal on School Educational Technology (JSCH), 17(3). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A4%3A19020004/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A158129028&crl=c
  82. Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). The collected works of LS Vygotsky: Problems of the theory and history of psychology (Vol. 3). Springer Science & Business Media. http://surl.li/hxmhss
  83. Wicaksono, S. R., Hakim, A., & Mustapa, K. (2023). School based management impact and it's misperception. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 502-509. https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i2.769
  84. Widiastuty, R., Neliwati, N., & Rifa'i, M. (2022). Principal leadership in the implementation of school-based management. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(3), 1203-1215. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v5i3.2612
  85. Zaid, Z., Pettalongi, S. S., & Nurdin, N. (2022). Implementation of school-based management in improving the quality of state islamic junior high school. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 5(8), 3448-3455. https://ijsshr.in/v5i8/Doc/12.pdf

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic