HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 25 no. 2 (2024)

Effectiveness of Marungko Approach in Teaching Reading

Raina Tamba | Vicente Garces Jr

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study determined the effectiveness of Marungko Approach in teaching reading to grade two non-reader pupils of Datu Dumagkal Danial Elementary School, Katangawan District, General Santos City. It used an experimental design, specifically with-in group design where the same participants take part in each condition to determine the effectiveness of Marungko Approach. The researcher prepared self-made reading materials to be tested adopting the marungko approach in teaching reading. The reading materials were submitted for validation to its efficacy and its authenticity by the expert validators. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the grade 2 non-readers had very low scores during the pre-test and obtained high scores during the post-test after utilizing the Marungko approach. The results of the study showed that the use of Marungko approach in teaching reading was effective for grade 2 non-reader pupils. Furthermore, the result of the study could be the basis and reference for future research studies and would give confidence to expand understanding in the field of education and the advancement of the research process.



References:

  1. Abella, M. E. (2022). Teaching beginning readers narrative of parents as reading partners in the new normal. International Journal of Arts, Sciences and Education, 3 (July Special Issue), 81-98.
  2. https://ijase.org/index.php/ijase/article/view/168
  3. Agasi, K. (2024). Improving critical thinking by using technology in the learning process. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development, 11(1 S1), 76-76. https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s112
  4. Alauya, H., & Basmayor, E. (2023). Marungko approach: A strategy to improve beginning reading performance among learners. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8(1), 46-51.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7807872, ISSN 2822-4353
  5. Al-Hail, M. A., Al-Fagih, L., & Koç, M. (2021). Partnering for sustainability: Parent-teacher-school (PTS) interactions in the Qatar education system. Sustainability, 13(12), 6639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126639
  6. Andrade, C. (2021). The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(1), 86-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620977000
  7. Baldevarona, S. B. (2020). Behind the reading program: A phenomenological study on teachers’ challenges and strategic reading interventions to help struggling readers (Doctoral dissertation, Foundation University). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27846.80966
  8. Balgua, A. M., Fabunan, S. H., & Farin, E. N. (2022). Reading modules using marungko approach of grade one pupils in the elementary schools of Zambales, Philippines. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 35(6), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2022/v35i630427
  9. Bautista, M. B. (2019, November). Orton-Gillingham approach and grade I pupils’ reading ability. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1254, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1254/1/012016
  10. Belbes, M. E., Bandoy, M. M., Tan, C. S., Yazon, A. D., & Buenvinida, L. P. (2022). Effectiveness of jolly phonics program towards strengthening of language literacy: Experimental case in the philippines. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 4(2), 202-218. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v4i2.1077
  11. Boltron, M. T., & Ramos, A. L. (2021). Improving beginning reading literacy through marungko approach. ASEAN Journal of Basic and Higher Education, 5(1), 1-12. https://paressu.org/online/index.php/ aseanjbh/article/view/285
  12. Bourgoin, R., & Dicks, J. (2019). Learning to read in multiple languages: A study exploring allophone students’ reading development in french immersion. Language and Literacy, 21(2), 10-28. https://doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29466
  13. Brink, S., & Nel, C. (2019). Contradictions within an activity of second language reading literacy. South African Journal of Childhood Education (SAJCE), 9(1) https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v9i1.687
  14. Brown, A. L., Palincsar, A. S., & Purcell, L. (2020). Poor readers: Teach, don’t label. In The school achievement of minority children (pp. 105-143). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315060187-5
  15. Budjalemba, A. S., & Listyani, L. (2020). Factors contributing to students difficulties in academic writing class: Students perceptions. UC Journal: ELT, Linguistics and Literature Journal, 1(2), 135-149.https://doi.org/10.24071/uc.v1i2.2966
  16. Casteel, A., & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.28945/4766
  17. Center, Y. (2020). Beginning reading: A balanced approach to literacy instruction during the first three years at school. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003115014
  18. Chairilsyah, D., & Kurnia, R. (2018). Teacher assessment to school readiness on the 5-6 year-old children in state kindergarten in Pekanbaru (Motoric physical, social emotional, moral, language, and cognitive aspect). Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(2), 74- 82. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.2.2.p.74-82
  19. Chomsky, N. (1960). Recent contributions to the theory of innate ideas. In A Portrait of Twenty-five Years (pp. 31-40). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00485013
  20. Chong, S.L. (2017). Many languages, whither literacy? Understanding the ontology of reading in linguistically-diverse contexts. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 23(2), 1–13. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2302-01.
  21. Claessen, M., Dzidic, P., Boyes, M., Badcock, N., Nayton, M., & Leitao, S. (2020). Educators’ perceptions of the impact of reading difficulties for young people. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 25, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2020.1734952
  22. Clayton, F. J., West, G., Sears, C., Hulme, C., & Lervåg, A. (2020). A longitudinal study of early reading development: Letter-sound knowledge, phoneme awareness and RAN, but not letter-sound integration, predict variations in reading development. Scientific Studies of Reading, 24(2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2019.1622546
  23. Crossman, A. (2020, August 27). Understanding purposive sampling. https://www.thoughtco.com/purposive-sampling-3026727
  24. De Belen, D. (2017). Using marungko  approach in beginning reading. San Pablo Elementary School. Bataan. http://www.udyong.gov.ph
  25. Dorado, R. L., & Medina, B. O. (2022). Effectiveness of Hamon: Bawat Bata Bumabasa (3Bs Initiative) in improving reading proficiency of students. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 6, 2659-1561. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6528960
  26. Ehri, L. C. (2022). What teachers need to know and do to teach letter–sounds, phonemic awareness, word reading, and phonics. The Reading Teacher, 76(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2095
  27. Elleman, A. M., & Oslund, E. L. (2019). Reading comprehension research: Implications for practice and policy. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732218816339
  28. Estrema M. L. & Estrema G. L. (2018). Factors affecting the reading comprehension of grade six pupils in the city division of Sorsogon, Philippines as basis for the development of instructional material. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Vol. 5 No. 3. https://doi.org/10.17605/ijie.v2i5.141
  29. Fitri, N. (2020). Factors influencing good english reading habit (An Investigation of EFL Students’ Perception) (Doctoral dissertation, UIN AR-RANIRY). https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/13184
  30. Garcia, G. E., Taylor, B. M., Pearson, P. D., Bray, T. M., Primeaux, J., & Mora, R. A. (2021). Improvements in teachers’ reading comprehension instruction and bilingual students’ reading test performance in high-poverty schools. The Elementary School Journal, 121(3), 357-384. https://doi.org/10.1086/712604
  31. Ghanem, E. (2020). A framework and curriculum for teachers of adult english language literacy learners: Incorporating essential skills and intervention plans for ALL/ LESLLA learners. https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hse_cp/502
  32. Goyja, C. E. (2023). Effectiveness of fuller approach in teaching reading among grade 3 pupils. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i6.4871
  33. Guevarra, R. J. (2022). Distance learning marungko approach on the readingabilities and students' performance of Los Banos Central Elementary School. Distance Learning Marungko Approach on the Reading Abilities and Students' Performance of Los Banos Central Elementary School, 104(1), 12-12. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001041720223593
  34. Hang, L. T., & Van, V. H. (2020). Building strong teaching and learning strategies through teaching innovations and learners' creativity: A study of Vietnam Universities. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 498-510. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2020.83.498.510
  35. Karki, T. (2018). Supplementary resource materials in english language classrooms: Development and implementation. Tribhuvan University Journal, Vol.: 32, NO.: 1, June. 2018.https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/TUJ/article/view/24791/20897
  36. Khalfaoui, A. (2018). Rethinking early literacies. Reading and rewriting worlds. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 7(2), 227-229. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/rethinking-early-literacies-reading-rewriting/docview/2063150866/se-2?accountid=147155
  37. Khamkhong, S. (2018). Developing english l2 critical reading and thinking skills through the PISA reading literacy assessment framework: A case study of Thai EFL learners. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 24(3), 83–94. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2018-2403-07.
  38. Kiewra, K. A., & Rom, B. A. (2020). A glimpse inside the lives of the academically talented: What merit scholars and their parents reveal. High Ability Studies, 31(2), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2019.1661224
  39. Kristiana, I.F., & Hendriani, W. (2018). Teaching efficacy in inclusive education (ie) in Indonesia and other Asia, developing countries: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(2), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i2.7150.
  40. Kurniaman, O., Noviana, E., & Charlina. (2018). Implementation DRTA strategy for elementary school. Beau Bassin: Lambert Academic Publising. https://doi.org/10.35445/ALISHLAH.V13I1.350
  41. Kurniaman, O., & Zufriady, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of teaching materials for graphic organizers in reading in elementary school students. Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.31258/jes.3.1.p.48-62
  42. Kurniaman, O., Zufriady., Mulyani, E.A., & Simulyasih, N. (2018). Reading comprehension skill using graphic organizer for the effectiveness of teaching materials for 61 elementary school student. Journal of Teaching and Learning in Elementary Education (JTLEE), 1(2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.33578/jtlee.v1i2.5876
  43. Layes, S., Guendouz, M., Lalonde, R., & Rebai, M. (2020). Combined phonological awareness and print knowledge training improves reading accuracy and comprehension in children with reading disabilities. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2020.1779914
  44. Lu, C. (2017). The roles of pinyin skill in English-Chinese biliteracy learning: Evidence from chinese immersion learners. Foreign Language Annals, 50, 306–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12269
  45. Lucas, C., Hood, P., & Coyle, D. (2021). Blossoming in English: Preschool   children’s emergent literacy skills in English. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 35(3), 477-502.https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2020.1742256
  46. Lucero, N., B. Rebosquillo, M., P. Nieves, J., M. Tubice, F., S. Ibao, S., & Escartin, F. (2019). Managing the implementation and evaluation of the school reading program. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 5(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2019/v5i430151
  47. Magfirah, T. (2018). Students’ reading and listening comprehension based on theirlearning styles. International Journal of Education, 10(2), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.17509/ije.v10i2.8028
  48. Marcos, R. I. S., Fernández, V. L., González, M. T. D., & Phillips-Silver, J. (2020). Promoting children’s creative thinking through reading and writing in a cooperative learning classroom. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 36, 100663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100663
  49. McLeod, S A. (2017, January 14). Experimental design. Simply psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html
  50. Mercado, M. & Mercado, F. (2020). Phonological awareness training and reading performance of kindergarten learners (Version 1). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3972669
  51. Miranda, J. A., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2023). Pre-service teachers’ strategies in improving students’ speaking skills. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 4(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v4i1.3132
  52. Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
  53. Moradkhani, S. (2017). Language teacher educators’ pedagogical knowledge: Validating a proposed model. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 5(2), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.30466/ijltr.2017.20332
  54. Mukhamedov, G., Khodjamkulov, U., & Toshtemirova, S. (2020). Innovative cluster of pedagogical education. Monograph,-T.: University.4 https://doi.org/10.15863/tas.2020.01.81.46
  55. Murkatik, K., Harapan, E., & Wardiah, D. (2020). The influence of professional and pedagogic competence on teacher’s performance. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 1(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v1i1.10
  56. Nurliana,N. (2019). Developing a model of supplementary english materials based on local content. Journal of English Language Studies [JELS]. http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/jels.v4i1.4834
  57. Pack, K. C. (2023). Approaches to teaching reading to children with dyslexia: A qualitative descriptive study (Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University). http://www.proquest.com/enUS/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml
  58. Perez, C. A. (2023). Reading remediation and academic progress of grade 5 pupils: Basis for an intervention plan. Reading remediation and academic progress of grade 5 pupils: Basis for an intervention plan, 137(1), 26-26. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP10013711120235664
  59. Prihandoko, Y., Slamet, St.Y., & Winarno. (2018). Cognitive moral based on civics education material in Elementary School. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(3), 472-477. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.8587.
  60. Ramos, A., & Baldespiñosa, M. (2021). Bridging between beliefs and needs oflanguage teachers in Philippines: Personal qualities, strategies, and framework during covid-19 pandemic. REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language, 3(3), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.318497/reila.v3i3.7401
  61. Repaso, J. C., & Macalisang, D. S. (2024). Effectiveness of contextualized marungko approach-based supplementary reading material. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(3), 1117-1126. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.03.30
  62. Roopmok, N., & Panishkan, K. (2020). A comparison of missing data imputation methods in within-subject repeated measure design (Doctoral dissertation, Silpakorn University). https://doi.org/10.14416/j.kmutnb.2020.11.003
  63. Rubin, N. T., & Travero, A. S. (2022). Fostering reading level and story comprehension through MARITES (Marungko Approach Reading Intervention to Elementary Schoolers) With mentor-mentee arrangement. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 2(3), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7136494
  64. Sabanal D. (2023). BALSA para sa pagbasa 30 minutes purok- based reading remedial sa bagong normal: Intervention for improving reading performance level of grade – five pupils struggling readers. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 9(6), 138–145. https://www.eprajournals.net/index.php/IJMR/article/view/2221
  65. Santos, C. M., & De Vera, G. M. (2020). Reading performance of grade 1 learners using marungko approach. ASEAN Journal of Basic and Higher Education, 2(1). https://www.paressu.org/online/index.php/aseanjbh/article/view/230
  66. Saroyan, A., & Frenay, M. (Eds.). (2023). Building teaching capacities in higher education: A comprehensive international model. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003443346
  67. Siregar, N., Siregar, H., & Hutahaean, H. (2021). Application of the picture and picture type of cooperative learning model in improving student learning creativity. JTP-Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 23(1), 23-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/JTP2001.6
  68. Smith, R., Snow, P., Serry, T., & Hammond, L. (2021). The role of backgroundknowledge in reading comprehension: A critical review. Reading Psychology, 42(3),214-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2021.1888348
  69. Soori, H. (2024). Study guide: Pilot, pre-test, quality assurance, quality control,And protocol modifications. In Errors in Medical Science Investigations (pp. 193-204). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8521-0_10
  70. Stevenson, L. C. (2023). Effective methods of teaching phonological awarenessand phonics to individuals with reading difficulty [Masterʼs thesis, Bethel University]. Spark Repository. https://spark.bethel.edu/etd/972
  71. Susani, R. G. (2018). The implementation of authentic assessment in extensive reading. International Journal of Education, 11(1), 87-92http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ije.v11i1.9113.
  72. Talley, L. A. (2017). Best teaching strategies to help struggling readers. (PhD Dissertation, Carson Newman University). https://www.cn.edu/libraries/tiny_mce/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/Dissertations/Dissertations2017/Leigh_Talley.pdf
  73. Tomas, M. J. L., Villaros, E. T., & Galman, S. M. A. (2021). The perceived challenges in reading of learners: Basis for school reading programs. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9(5), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.95009
  74. Van Bergen, E., Vasalampi, K., & Torppa, M. (2021). How are practice and performance related? Development of reading from age 5 to 15. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 415-434. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.309
  75. White, C. A., Uttl, B., & Holder, M. D. (2019). Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported. PloS One, 14(5), e0216588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216588
  76. Yapp, D., de Graaff, R., & van den Bergh, H. (2023). Effects of reading strategyinstruction in English as a second language on students’ academic reading comprehension. Language Teaching Research, 27(6), 1456-1479. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820985236
  77. Yayen, C. P. (2018). Effectiveness of Marungko approach on the English reading performance and comprehension skills of first grade Thai learners. Asian Journal of Governance and Education (AJGE), 1(1), 61-74. https://journal.evsu.edu.ph/index.php/ajg
  78. Zimmerman, B. J. (2023). Dimensions of academic self-regulation: A conceptual framework for education. In Self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 3-21). Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203763353