HomeInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Researchvol. 6 no. 11 (2025)

Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Mentoring and Technical Assistance Skills of Master Teachers

Sharon R. Gungon | Ersyl T. Biray

Discipline: Teacher Training

 

Abstract:

Master teachers in the Philippines play a vital role in guiding and supporting fellow teachers through mentoring, coaching, and providing technical assistance; thus, they are expected to remain updated and skilled to effectively help colleagues meet classroom challenges. Since no standardized instrument currently exists to measure their skills, this study designed a validated tool that would accurately evaluate these. This mixed-method study utilizing the ex-ploratory sequential design involved 17 participants for the qualita-tive phase, and a larger group of respondents for the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, teacher-mentees shared their expe-riences and described how master teachers provide mentoring and technical assistance. These insights served as the foundation for de-veloping the initial items of the instrument. In the quantitative phase, the crafted tool underwent Rasch analysis to test its reliabil-ity and validity. The results showed acceptable levels of reliability (person reliability = 0.84; item reliability = 0.97) and validity (vari-ance explained = 62.5%; CVI = 0.96; Infit/Outfit MNSQ = 0.54–1.14), confirming that the instrument effectively measured the intended constructs. The findings suggest that the developed MenTeASk Questionnaire was both valid and reliable in assessing the master teachers’ mentoring and technical assistance skills; hence, its use is recommended particularly in the Division of Aklan, Philippines.



References:

  1. Ariola,  A.  (2012). Learners’  learning  prefer-ences  and  teaching  strategies  in  mathe-matics  of  the  fourthyear  high  school  at Mabitac,  Laguna(Unpublished master’s thesis).  Laguna  State  Polytechnic  Univer-sity, Siniloan, Laguna.
  2. Boone,  W.  J.  (2016).  Rasch  analysis  for  instru-ment development: Why, when, and how? CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(4), rm4. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-04-0148.
  3. Creswell,  J.  W.  (2012). Educational  research: Planning,     conducting,     and     evaluating quantitative  and  qualitative  research(4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
  4. Creswell, J. W. (2015). A concise introduction to mixed  methods  research.  Thousand  Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  5. Creswell,  J.  W.,  &  Plano  Clark,  V.  L.  (2011). De-signing and conducting mixed methods re-search(2nd   ed.).   Thousand   Oaks,   CA: SAGE Publications.
  6. Creswell,  J.  W.,  &  Plano  Clark,  V.  L.  (2018). De-signing and conducting mixed methods re-search(3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  7. Department of Education. (2017). DepEd Order No.  42,  s.  2017:  National  adaptation  and implementation  of  the  Philippine  Profes-sional Standards for Teachers.Gungon & Biray.,2025 /Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Mentoring and Technical Assistance Skills of Master TeachersIJMABER 5515Volume 6| Number 11| November | 2025
  8. Department of Education. (2015). DepEd Order No. 2, s. 2015: Guidelines in the establish-ment  and  implementation  of  the  Results-Based  Performance  Management  System (RPMS) in the Department of Education.
  9. Department of Education. (2022). DepEd Mem-orandum  No.  004,  s.  2022:  Implementa-tion   of   the   Results-Based   Performance Management  System –Philippine  Profes-sional  Standards  for  Teachers  for  School Year 2021–2022.
  10. Ellinger, A. D. (2014). Coaching and mentoring. In  R.  Poell,  T.  S.  Rocco,  &  G.  Roth  (Eds.), The  Routledge  companion  to  human  re-source  development(pp.  258–271).  New York, NY: Routledge.
  11. Enosh,  T.,  &  Stolovy,  T.  (2014).  The  develop-ment  of  the  client  violence  questionnaire (CVQ). Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689814525263
  12. Fetters,  M.  D.,  Curry,  L.  A.,  &  Creswell,  J.  W. (2013).  Achieving  integration  in  mixed methods  designs –principles  and  prac-tices. Health  Services  Research,  48(6Pt2), 2134–2156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12117
  13. Glen,  S.  (2012).  International  assessment:  A Rasch  model  and  teachers'  evaluation  of TIMSS science achievement items. Journal of  Research  in  Science  Teaching,  49(10), 1321-1344. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21059
  14. Hudson, P. (2004). Specific mentoring: A theory and model for developing primary science teaching  practices. European  Journal  of Teacher Education, 27(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261976042000223015
  15. Jones, C. K., Kelsey, K. D., & Brown, N. R. (2014). Climbing the steps toward a successful co-operating  teacher/student  teacher  men-toring relationship. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(2), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae2014.02033
  16. Manit,  A.,  &  Chowwalit,  C.  (2016).  A  coaching and  mentoring  model  based  on  teachers' professional  development  for  enhancing their   teaching   competency   in   schools (Thailand)  using  videotape. Educational Research   and   Reviews,   11(4),   134-140. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2357
  17. Malonisio, C. C., & Malonisio, M. O. (2023). Vali-dation  of  the  teacher  education  institu-tion’s  entrance  test  using  the  Rasch model. International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i3.1726
  18. Naelgas, D. N. (2022). Competency and needs of technical  vocational  teachers  in  the  Divi-sion of Aklan: Basis for teachers’ enhance-ment program[Unpublished doctoral dis-sertation].  College  of  Teacher  Education, Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan, Phil-ippines.
  19. Noraini, I. A. H. A., & Radha, M. K. N. (2013). Ex-pertise  in  the  classroom:   The  multiple roles  of master teachers in Malaysia. Pro-cedia –Social   and   Behavioral   Sciences, 103, 92–99.
  20. Ojale,  L.  T.  (2019).  Growth  and  challenges  of master teachers in the Province of Batan-gas. International  Journal  of  Research  in Engineering,   Science   and   Management, 2(2), 51-54.
  21. Rhodes, C.,  & Fletcher, S. (2013).  Coaching  and mentoring  for  self-efficacious  leadership in  schools.  International Journal  of  Men-toring and Coaching in Education, 2(?), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1108/20466851311323087
  22. Romero,  M.  J.  (2019).  The  transformation  of master teachers in the Schools Division of Catanduanes. Ascendens  Asia  Journal  of Multidisciplinary Abstracts, 3(2K).
  23. Saira, Z., Ajmal, F., & Hafeez, M. (2021). Critical review  of  the  flipped  classroom  model versus  the  traditional  lecture  method. In-ternational Journal of Education and Prac-tice, 9(1), 128-140. https://doi.org/10.18488/jour-nal.61.2021.91.128-140
  24. Saira,  Zafar,  &  Hafeez,  M.  (2021).  A  critical  re-view  of  discussion  and  traditional  teach-ing  methods. Psychology  and  Education Journal, 58(1), 1871-1886. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1042
  25. Gungon & Biray.,2025 /Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Mentoring and Technical Assistance Skills of Master TeachersIJMABER5516Volume 6| Number 11| November| 2025
  26. Sangalang,  L.  A.  (2019).  Mentoring  skills  and technical assistance of master teachers in Pangasinan. Philippine Social Science Jour-nal.
  27. Skidmore,  S.,  &  Masters,  N.  (2023). Learn  the difference between a teacher and a master teacher: Understand the five main qualities of  a  master  teacher  and  learn  about  the master   teacher   certification.   Study.com. https://study.com/learn/lesson/teacher-vs-master-teacher.html.
  28. Srinovita, Y., & Si, S. (2015). The effect of coach-ing  and  mentoring  programs  to  improve students'  competencies:  A  case  study  of Beastudi Etos Scholarship. Universal Jour-nal  of  Educational  Research,  3(3),  163-169. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2015.030302
  29. Stewart,  V.  (2011). Improving  teacher  quality around  the  world:  The  international  sum-mit  on  the  teaching  profession.  Asia  Soci-ety,    Partnership    for    Global    Learning. https://asiasociety.org/files/teacher-quality.pdf.
  30. Stuckey, S. M., Collins, B. T., Patrick, S., Grove, K. S.,  &  Ward,  E.  (2019).  Thriving  vs  surviv-ing:  Benefits  of  a  formal  mentoring  pro-gram  on  faculty  well-being. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Edu-cation, 8(4), 378-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-02-2019-0024
  31. Subedi,    P.    (2016).    Explanatory    sequential mixed   method   design   as   the  third   re-search  community  of  knowledge  claim. American    Journal    of    Educational    Re-search, 4(7), 570-577. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-4-7-10
  32. Tebabal, A., & Kahssay, G. (2011). The effects of a student-centred approach on improving students’  graphical  interpretation  skills and   conceptual   understanding   of   kine-matic  motion. Latin  American  Journal  of Physics Education, 5(2), 539–545. https://www.lajpe.org/june11/LAJPE_540_
  33. Tebabal.pdf.Vesely,  A.,  Saklofske,  D.  H.,  &  Leschied,  A.  D. (2013). Teachers—the vital resource: The contribution  of  emotional  intelligence  to teacher efficacy and well-being. Canadian Journal  of  School  Psychology,  28(1),  71–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573512468855.
  34. Wuryaningsih, W., Susilastuti, D., Darwin, M., & Pierewan, A. (2019). Effects of web-based learning  and  F2F  learning  on  teachers' achievement  in  the  teacher  training  pro-gram in Indonesia. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(21), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i21.10736
  35. Zulfiqar,  M.  S.  (2016). Teachers’  perceptions about in-service training at federal govern-ment     educational     institutions[Un-published  doctoral  dissertation].  Univer-sity of Education, Lahore.
  36. Zuniga,  R.  M.  (2020). Master  teacher  percep-tions  on  the  impact  mentoring  programs have on teacher retention[Master’s thesis, Abilene    Christian    University].    Digital Commons @ ACU. Paper 260. https://dig-italcommons.acu.edu/etd/260The  importance  of  mentoring  new  teachers. (2017, July 20). Incompassing Ed. https://incom-passinged.com/2017/07/14/the-im-portance-of-mentoring-new-teachers/Thematic analysis. (n.d.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodol-ogy/thematic-analysis/